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    As late as 1800, women's only place was in the home. The idea of women in the business world was unthinkable (不可思议的) Men were certain that no woman could do a good job outside her home. This was such a widely accepted idea that when the well-known Bronte sisters began writing books in 1864, they had to sign their books with men's names instead.

       Teaching was the first profession(职业)open to women soon after 1800. But even that was not an easy profession for women to enter because most schools and colleges were open only to men. Oberlin College in Ohio was the first college in America to accept women.

    Hospital nursing became respectable (值得尊敬的) work for women only after Nightingale became famous. Seeing that she was not only a nurse but also a rich and well-educated woman, people began to believe it was possible for women to nurse the sick and still be “'ladies”. Miss Nightingale opened England's first training school for nurses in 1860.

      The invention of the typewriter(打字机)in 1867 helped to bring women out of the home and into the business world. By 1900 .thousands of women were working at real jobs in schools .hospitals, and offices in both England and America. Some women even managed to become doctors or lawyers. The idea that women could work in the business world had been accepted.

    1. Why couldn't women become teachers easily? Because_____.

    A. the first profession open to them was writing

    B. most schools and colleges were open only to men

    C. they wanted to be nurses instead

    D. they had to work in the business world

    2. The article is mainly about_____.

    A. women in the business world

    B. the famous Bronte sisters

    C. schools and colleges in America

    D. rights for American women

    3. Which fact does the article lead you to believe?

    A. The Bronte sisters thought that they were men.

    B. England's first training school for nurses was in Ohio.

    C. There are more men than women in professional job.

    D. Women find it necessary to work harder than before.

    4. Which of the following is TRUE.

    A. The typewriter was made in the 1970's.

    B. Most Englanders are doctors or lawyers.

    C. People's ideas about women's work have changed.

    D. The 18th century saw a changing world for women.

     

     

    1---4 BACC

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    阅读理解

    　　Language learning begins with listening．Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners．Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word “obey” is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child．Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture or by making questioning noises．

    　　Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties．It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on．But since these can’t be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language．It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store．This self-imitation(模仿)leads on to deliberate(有意的)imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people．The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech．

    　　It is a problem we need to get our teeth into．The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world．Thus the use at seven months of “mama” as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed(不予考虑)as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes．Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself, I doubt, however, whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds．

    (1)

    Before children start speaking ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    they need equal amount of listening

    B．

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    C．

    they are all eager to cooperate with the adults by obeying spoken instructions

    D．

    they can’t understand and obey the adult’s oral instructions

    (2)

    Children who start speaking late ________．

    [　　]

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    may have problems with their listening

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    probably do not hear enough language spoken around them

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    usually pay close attention to what they hear

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    often take a long time in learning to listen properly

    (3)

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    [　　]

    A．

    an expression of his moods and feelings

    B．

    an early form of language

    C．

    a sign that he means to tell you something

    D．

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    [　　]

    A．

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    B．

    is not especially important because the changeover takes place gradually

    C．

    is one that should be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with age

    D．

    is one that should be completely ignored(忽略)because children’s use of words is often meaningless

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    The speaker implies ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    parents can never hope to teach their children new sounds

    B．

    children no longer imitate people after they begin to speak

    C．

    children who are good at imitating learn new words more quickly

    D．

    even after they have learnt to speak, children still enjoy imitating

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    阅读下列短文，从每题中的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
    A
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    It’s likely that everything you learned about America’s ancient history is wrong.
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    A

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         “Attractively written and really absorbing ... Charles C. Mann has produced a book that’s part detective story, part epic (史诗) and part tragedy. He has taken on a vast topic: thousands of years, two huge continents, and cultures.”

                                              -- Charles Matthews, San Jose Mercury News

         “Powerful and challenging”

                                                     --Alan Taylor, Washington Post

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    A. life-styles       B. population       C. history         D. agriculture

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    A. It is interesting and instructive.        B. It is attractive and culturally related

    C. It is challenging and revolutionary.     D. It is humorous and persuasive.

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    A. people settled in the Americas a little earlier than 1492

    B. North Americans were the tallest in the 18th century in the world

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    阅读下列短文，从每题中的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。

    A NATIONWIDE BESTSELLER

    It’s likely that everything you learned about America’s ancient history is wrong.

       The new book, 1491, completely changes our understanding of the Americas before the arrival of Columbus in 1492.

                    DID YOU KNOW?

       When Columbus landed there were probably more people in the Americas than there were in Europe.

       The peoples of North America had such healthy life-styles that as late as the 19th century they continued to be the tallest people on earth.

       Facts have shown that the Americas were populated as long as 33,000 years ago.

       4,000 years ago Mesoamerican farmers developed corn in a feat (技艺) of genetic engineering that still isn’t completely understood.

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         “In the tradition of Jared Diamond & John McPhee, a totally new view of pie-Columbian America”                                                    --Richard Rhodes

         “Attractively written and really absorbing ... Charles C. Mann has produced a book that’s part detective story, part epic (史诗) and part tragedy. He has taken on a vast topic: thousands of years, two huge continents, and cultures.”

                                              -- Charles Matthews, San Jose Mercury News

         “Powerful and challenging”

                                                     --Alan Taylor, Washington Post

         “A pleasure to read as well as a wonderful education”              -- Howard Zinn

    56. On the whole, 1491 is a book mainly about America’s_______ .

    A. life-styles       B. population       C. history         D. agriculture

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    A. It is interesting and instructive.        B. It is attractive and culturally related

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    A. people settled in the Americas a little earlier than 1492

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