Question

【题目】Japan is very serious about robotics (机器人技术). If robots are going to fit in, they probably need to learn the Japanese custom of serving tea. Fortunately, researchers at the University of Tokyo are just exploring that. In a show this week, a humanoid(人形机器人)with camera eyes made by Kawada Industries Inc. poured tea from a bottle into a cup. Then another robot on wheels delivered the cup of tea in an experimental room that has sensors embedded in the floor and sofa as well as cameras on the ceiling, to simulate(模仿)life with robot technology.

"A human being may be faster, but you’d have to say ‘Thank you’," said Professor Tomomasa Sato from the University of Tokyo. "That’s the best part about a robot. You don’t have to feel bad about asking it to do things."

Sato believes Japan, a rapidly aging society where more than a fifth of the population is 65 or older, will lead the world in designing robots to care for the elderly, sick and bedridden(长期卧床的).

Already, monitoring technologies, such as sensors that automatically turn on lights when people enter a room, are becoming widespread in Japan.

The walking, child-size Asimo from Honda Motor Co. greets people at show-rooms. NEC Corp. has developed a smaller robot-on-wheels companion called Papero. A seal robot available since 2004 can entertain the elderly and others in need of fuzzy companionship.

Sato says his experimental room is raising awareness about privacy questions that may arise when electronic devices(设备)monitor a person’s movements down to the smallest detail.

On the bright side, the tea-pouring humanoid has been programmed to do the dishes.

【1】What is the best title of this passage?

A. "Thank You" Will Never Be Needed in Japan

B. Monitoring Technologies Are Widespread in Japan

C. Robot Is Designed to Care for the Elderly

D. Robot Technologies Are Widespread in Daily Life in Japan

【2】The underlined word "embedded" in Paragraph 1 probably means .

A. fixed

B. established

C. settled

D. rooted

【3】Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. A robot can imitate people to complete complicated tasks.

B. A robot has been programmed to do the dishes.

C. All the problems in the aging society can be solved by robots.

D. The number of aging people is increasing rapidly in Japan.

【4】We can infer from the passage that .

A. people are afraid of being monitored by robots

B. the technology of robots has been highlighted in Japan

C. robots can completely take the place of human beings

D. people’s privacy should be strictly protected

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】A

【3】C

【4】B

【解析】在日本机器人被广泛使用，可以在家倒茶、可以照顾老年人的日常起居，也可以陪人娱乐。在日本机器人越来越受欢迎。

【1】D

标题归纳题。结合全文可知，文章主要讲述的是在日本使用机器人的情况，D项最适合作为文章标题。故选D.

【2】A

词义猜测题。由画线词所在句"…that has sensors embedded in the floor and sofa as well as cameras on the ceiling…"指这种传感器嵌入在地板和沙发上，以及天花板上的摄像头。，embed的意思为"安装"，与fix的意思相近。故选A.

【3】C

细节理解题。根据第一段a humanoid(人形机器人)with camera eyes made by Kawada Industries Inc. poured tea from a bottle into a cup. Then another robot on wheels delivered the cup of tea in an experimental room可知A正确；最后一段the tea-pouring humanoid has been programmed to do the dishes.可知B正确；第三段Japan, a rapidly aging society where more than a fifth of the population is 65 or older,可知D项正确。A、B、D三项均可在文中找到依据,C项过于绝对化,不符合事实。故选C.

【4】B

推理判断题。由全文内容，特别是第一段第一句可以推断出，日本很重视机器人技术。故选B.

关于词义猜测题

做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。

下面结合文本及近几年高考试题，对词义猜测的技巧加以解读。

1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测

有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如：It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is, it will break easily.从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。小题2

词义猜测题。由画线词所在句"…that has sensors embedded in the floor and sofa as well as cameras on the ceiling…"指这种传感器嵌入在地板和沙发上，以及天花板上的摄像头。，embed的意思为"安装"，与fix的意思相近。

2.根据同位关系进行猜测

阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如：The “Chunnel”, a tunnel(隧道) connecting England and France, is now complete.此句中a tunnel connecting England and France是Chunnel的同位语。因此，The “Chunnel”就是英法之间的海底隧道。

3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测

在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，在后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10,” Anaclerio said, “and they’re very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.”文中interactive是由前缀inter-(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)而构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。

4.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测

根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如：A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.从前后两句的意思可以看出，hassle和a basket of fun肯定是近乎相反的意义。所以不难判断hassle的意思是“困难，麻烦”。