Question

9．（Reuters）-At least 115 miners were pulled alive from a flooded coal mine in north China after being trapped for over a week，eating bark to survive，prompting extremely happy officials to hail their survival a miracle．
Officials said 153 miners were trapped in the unfinished Wangjialing mine，belonging to two of China's larger state-owned firms in Xiangning，Shanxi Province，after water gushed （喷，涌） into the shafts last Sunday．
Late on Sunday night and throughout Monday，the survivors were pulled out from a platform，where the rescuers had drilled a vertical hole to ensure oxygen in the water-flooded pit and send down bags of glucose （葡萄糖）．Thirty-eight miners were still missing．
"It is a miracle，"said Luo Lin，head of the State Administration of Work Safety．"The trapped miners stayed so firmly determined down the mine shaft，passing through eight days and eight nights to live．"The workers also survived by eating bark from pine wood used in building the mines，Chinese television said．
The government had succeeded in encouraging thousands of rescue workers to pump out water and search for the miners．After that，the water level dropped low enough for rescue workers to enter the shaft．
It was rare good news in China's dangerous coal-mining industry，the deadliest in the world with thousands killed every year in floods，explosions，collapses and other accidents．Shanxi Province is the heartland of that industry．
Strong demand for energy and not strict safety standards have made China's mines often deadly places to work，despite a government drive to clamp down on （对…进行压制或取缔） small，unsafe operations where most accidents occur．
Workers are tempted into （被诱惑去） the mines by wages that can be much higher than for many other jobs open to blue-collar workers and rural migrants．
China has consolidated （合并） or taken over many private mines，which has helped cut accidents．According to official statistics，the number of people killed in Chinese coal mines dropped to 2，631 in 2009，an average of seven a day，from 3，215 in 2008．But the deadliest accidents are not limited to private firms．

81．According to the second paragraph，what caused the serious accident？（no more than 6 words）Water gush into the shafts
82．How did the rescuers manage to send down oxygen and bags of glucose into the pit？（no more than 5 words）By drilling a vertical hole
83．According to the passage，what measures does the government take to help cut accidents？（no more than 13 words）Clamping down on small，unsafe operations，consolidating or taking over many private mines．
84．What is the news about？（no more than 12 words）115 miners'surviving after being trapped over a week．

Answer 1

分析 本文是一篇新闻报道，讲述了山西省115名遭遇矿难的矿工一周之后被成功解救的故事，并分析了导致事故的原因，从而引发政府采取相关措施对这些煤矿的整治．

解答 81．Water gush into the shafts．/That water gushed into the shafts．/Water's gushing into the shafts．第二段"after water gushed into the shafts last Sunday"提到，此次煤矿事故的主要原因是水的灌入引发煤矿事故的发生．
82．By drilling a vertical hole．/Through a vertical hole．文中第三段主要讲述了营救被困矿工的方法，即"where the rescuers had drilled a vertical hole to ensure oxygen in the water-flooded pit and send down bags of glucose"凿一个孔注入氧气和葡萄糖，故可以用一个介词"by"和"through"意为"通过…的方式手段"短语来概括．
83．Clamping down on small，unsafe operations，consolidating or taking over many private mines．在文章最后提到了政府为了减少事故的发生，采取了一系列的措施，如：clamp down on small，unsafe operations；consolidated  or taken over many private mines等．
84.115 miners'surviving after being trapped over a week．/The survival of 115 miners after being trapped over a week．本题属于主旨大意概括题．新闻的大意通常在第一段，即"115 miners'surviving after being trapped over a week"．

点评 本篇阅读表达是一篇新闻，学生需掌握新闻题材的特点，即大意通常在第一段．然后在理解全文的基础上，从文中提炼相关信息，进行整合重组，注意字数的限制．