Question

【题目】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Every scientific field uses the scientific method to conduct experiments. Performing experiments is very important in the field of psychology （心理学）. Before beginning a study, however, any scientist who wishes to perform an experiment should be familiar with the steps of the scientific method. 【1】

◆ Form a hypothesis （假设）. It is an educated guess about what will happen during the study. 【2】 Coming up with a hypothesis before you start can help guide your experiment.

◆ Plan out a study. Planning out the experiment is essential because the psychologist needs to know if they have time, materials, and testing area prepared beforehand. This step also helps the scientist to determine if they will be performing descriptive or experimental research. The ideal situation is to always perform experimental research. 【3】 Descriptive research simply collects data regarding the problem and forms a hypothesis according to the data.

◆ Collect data. 【4】 If the data collected is not recorded and organized, the entire efforts of the study may be wasted. The best way to do this may be to record the proceedings so that no details are lost.

◆ Analyze the data. Once all the data has been collected and organized, it must be analyzed. Using previous research or scientific information about the problem, the psychologist must apply the new data gathered.

◆ Publish the information learned. The final step of the scientific method in psychology is publishing the results of the study. 【5】 Most psychological experiments are published in scientific journals.

A. It is based on scientific facts, not just opinions.

B. Read on to find out how to use the scientific method in psychology.

C. Before psychologists start the experiment, they must plan out the steps.

D. This helps other psychologists to learn about and use the new information.

E. The scientific method has proved to be an effective way to conduct research.

F. To fully understand the study, each part of the experiment must be recorded.

G. Sometimes, however, this is impossible and descriptive research will have to be used.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】A

【3】G

【4】F

【5】D

【解析】

【1】B考查上下文联系。根据下文可知，讲述了如何找出使用心理学的科学方法的步骤，而选项B意为“阅读找出如何使用心理学的科学方法。”正是对文章的总起，符合语境，故选B。

【2】A考查上下文联系。根据前文可知这不仅仅是观点，是建立在事实依据上的观点，而选项A就是这个意思，符合语境，故选A。

【3】G考查上下文联系。根据前后文分析可知，这里是想说明，理想的情况虽然不可能，但是常常被用于研究，而选项G所表达的就是这个意思，故选G。

【4】F考查上下文联系。根据后文分析可知，我们要对试验进行记录，而选项F表达的意思就是要记录试验，符合语境，故选F。

【5】D考查上下文联系。根据前后文分析可知，研究最后要发布研究结果，这样方便别的研究者利用最新信息，而选项D表示这有助于其他心理学家学习和使用新的信息。符合语境，故选D。