Question

3．

A．extensive   B．appeals    C．debated   D．necessarily   E．audience   F．confidence G．delicately   H．efficient   I．experienced      J．withdraw  K．decline

A century ago，American political leaders judged public opinions by people's applause and the size of crowds at meeting．This direct exposure to the people's views did not（41）Dproduce accurate knowledge of public opinions．It did，however，give political （42）Fleaders in their public support．
Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas（43）Ceach other seven times in the summer and autumn of 1858，two years before they became presidential nominees （总统候选人）．Their debates took place before（44）Ein cornfields and courthouse squares．A century later most presidential debates，although seen by millions，take place before a few reporters and the technicians in television studios．The public's response cannot be（45）Ifirsthand．This distance between leaders and followers is one of the difficult problems of modern democracy．The media provide information to millions of people，but they are not yet so（46）H at providing leaders with feedback from the public．
Is government by acclamation （欢呼、欢迎） possible when the scale of communication is so large and impersonal？To make up for the（47）K in their ability to experience public opinions for themselves，leaders have turned to science，in particular the science of opinion polling （民意调查）．
It is no secret that politicians and public officials make（48）Ause of public-opinion polls to help them decide whether to run for office，what policies to support，how to vote on important issues and types of（49）B to make in their campaigns．President Lydon Johnson was famous for carrying the latest Gallup and Roper poll results in his pocket，and it is widely believed that he began to（50）J from politics because the polls reported losses in public support．All recent presidents and other major political figures have worked closely with polls．

Answer 1

分析 本文属于政治类短文阅读．主要描述了在政治领域，民众的掌声和人数并不一定能真正地反映出公众的观点．林肯和道格拉斯在竞选中辩论了多次，并通过调查民意的方式来了解民众的心声．

解答 41-50  DFCEI   HKABJ
41 D．考查词汇在具体语境中的运用． 此题判断词性为副词，只有DG为副词，根据句意，民众的掌声和人数并不一定能真正地反映出公众的观点．只有D符合句意． 
42  F．考查词汇在具体语境中的运用． 此题判断词性为名词，根据句意，"然而，在获取民众的支持中，它确实给到政界领导人信心"． 
43 C．考查词汇在具体语境中的运用． 此题判断词性为动词，且为动词过去式的形式，只有C和I，根据句意，林肯和道格拉斯在竞选中辩论了7次．所以选C．
44 E．考查词汇在具体语境中的运用． 此题判断词性为名词，根据句意，"在观众面前辩论"，所以选E．
 45 I．考查词汇在具体语境中的运用． 此题比较容易出错，考生会误认为firsthand是形容词，然后找个副词来修饰．其实不然，在这里，firsthand是副词，前面be动词后要加动词的过去分词构成被动，根据句意，由于不直接面对观众，所以"民众的反映不可能被直接地感受到"所以选I．其实此题下一段有提示，47题空格后面"in their ability to experience public opinions"，这里出现了"体验民众的观点． 
46 H．考查词汇在具体语境中的运用．此题判断词性为形容词，根据句意"新闻媒体在给政界领导人提供民众的反馈信息方面却不是很高效"，所以选H．
47 K．考查词汇在具体语境中的运用． 此题判断词性为名词，根据句意"为了弥补他们获得民众反馈的这种能力的下降，他们开始求助于民意调查"，所以选K．注意decline在这里做名词用．
48 A． 考查词汇在具体语境中的运用． 此题判断词性为形容词，根据句意"政界要员广泛使用民意调查来帮助他们决定…"make extensive use of"充分利用，广泛使用"．所以选A． 
49  B．考查词汇在具体语境中的运用． 此题有一定难度，判断词性为名词的复数形式，只有B为名词的复数形式．types of appeals to make，"所做出的各种的呼吁"make an appeal"呼吁、上诉"
 50 J．考查词汇在具体语境中的运用．此题判断词性为动词原形，根据句意"他开始从政界退出，因为民意调查报道他的公众支持减少"，所以选J．

点评 本文属于11选10阅读题型．该题型选词填空的选项词义互不关联，词性也不同，而且还有干扰项，一定要先了解文章大意，带着文章脉络去找选项．务必先沉着地把文章读一遍，尤其注意横线前后的位置，为寻找正确选项打下铺垫．通读时要根据首段原则以及首末句原则，迅速抓出文章的主题．判定文章主题对于篇章的整体把握具有很大的积极意义．