Question

【题目】At one time, the Iroquois Indians lived along the lakes and rivers of the northern part of New York.The five tribes (部落) — the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca — fought with each other for years.

In the late 1500s, a wise Iroquois man named Dekanawida had a dream.In his dream, he saw the end of the Indian wars.An Onondaga chief named Hiawatha agreed to help Dekanawida bring peace to the area.Hiawatha traveled from tribe to tribe, trying to persuade the tribal leaders to unite in peace.The leaders realized that if they stopped fighting, they could become a powerful force in the Northeast area.

The leaders of the five tribes set up a league, called the Iroquois League, which brought all five tribes together.They set up a kind of democratic (民主的) government in which each tribe had an equal voice.A Great Council was formed.Fortynine chiefs from every tribe were appointed to the Council.The members were all men, but they were chosen by the elder women of the tribes.The Council worked together to solve big issues for the league, while each tribe remained selfgoverning.

In 1722, the Iroquois League increased from five to six tribes when the Tuscarora tribe joined them.The Iroquois League controlled the fur trade in the area.They controlled land from Canada to Kentucky.The Iroquois League remained powerful for over 200 years.

Then during the War of Independence, most of the Iroquois League sided with the British.After the Americans defeated the British, many Iroquois villages were destroyed.The Iroquois were forced to move and live on reservations (印第安人居留地)．This caused the Iroquois League to become less powerful.

History shows that the writers of the United States Constitution used some of the same ideas as the Iroquois League.One section of the Iroquois Constitution is entitled “Rights of the People” and might be compared to the “Bill of Rights”．The Iroquois League’s constitution is often called America’s first democracy.

【1】The underlined word “voice” in Paragraph 3 could probably be replaced by“________”．

A. sound B. power

C. saying D. speech

【2】According to the text, the Iroquois League ________.

A. consisted of six tribes in the 17th century

B. became weak after the War of Independence

C. helped the Americans defeat the British

D. was greatly supported by the Americans

【3】The political system of the Iroquois League ________.

A. was ignored by American history experts

B. had nothing to do with the “Bill of Rights”

C. influenced the United States Constitution

D. was entitled “Rights of the People”

【4】Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. The Iroquois League

B. The American Indians

C. The culture of the Iroquois

D. The United States Constitution

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】B

【3】C

【4】A

【解析】

本文是一篇历史知识的记叙文，北美洲土著部落形成的部落联盟the Iroquois League团结了原本分裂的各个部落形成了一个强大的联盟，主宰了北美大陆的大片土地。联盟的构建体系对美国的宪法产生了一定的影响。

【1】猜测词意题。根据本句“They set up a kind of democratic (民主的) government in which each tribe had an equal voice.”中“democratic”可知他们建立的是一个民主政府，所有的政府成员都有平等的权力。该词意为“power”，故B项正确。

【2】细节理解题。根据文章第五段后三句“After the Americans defeated the British, many Iroquois villages were destroyed. The Iroquois were forced to move and live on reservations (印第安人居留地)．This caused the Iroquois League to become less powerful.”可知在美国独立战争以后，英国人被打败了，很多“the Iroquois League”的村子被毁掉，族人被赶走，the Iroquois League

的权力被大大削弱了。故B项正确。

【3】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句“History shows that the writers of the United States Constitution used some of the same ideas as the Iroquois League.”可知美国的宪法也借鉴了the Iroquois League联盟中一些类似的做法。说明美国的宪法也受到the Iroquois League的影响。故C项正确。

【4】主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了北美洲土著部落形成的部落联盟the Iroquois League团结了原本分裂的各个部落形成了一个强大的联盟，主宰了北美大陆的大片土地。联盟的构建体系对美国的宪法产生了一定的影响。故A项符合文章的中心思想。BCD三项都只涉及文章部分内容。

本文小题4考查了主旨大意题中的标题，A项是文章的中心思想，BCD三项都只涉及文章部分内容，把包括的范围缩小了。英语的阅读文章为了表达的准确、严密，很注意对范围的限定，有时通过加上almost all，nearly，more than，normally，usually等词对文意加以限制，“扩缩范围”干扰法就是通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息中的范围、程度、色彩等改变，从而导致错误。

例：More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual to work. In the United States, the change from formal to casual office wear has been slow. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday. This became known as“dress-down Friday” or “casual Friday”. “What started out as an extra one-day-a week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” said business consultant Antony Jones.

Q：According to the passage, which of the following is True?

A. Company workers started to dress down about 30 years ago.

B. Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 1990s.

C.“Dress-down Friday” was first given as a favor from employers.

D. Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.

『个案解析』：此题中的选项B就是属于扩大了范围。原文提到雇主允许雇员在Friday穿着较为随便的衣服，而不是every day，此题的正确答案为D。