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    Through a series of experiments, an American scientist has gained an understanding of the social structure of ant societies. The ants 1. (examine) by scientists are the only creatures other than man to have given up hunting and collecting for a completely agricultural way of life. In their underground nests they plant gardens on soils made from finely cut leaves. This is a complex 2. (operate) requiring considerable division of labor. The workers of this type of ant can 3. (divide) into four groups according to size. 4. of the groups performs a particular set of jobs.

    The making and care of the garden and the nursing of the young ants are done by the smallest workers. Slightly larger workers are responsible 5.cutting leaves to make them suitable for use in the gardens and for cleaning the nest. 6. third group of still larger ants do the construction work and collect fresh leaves from outside the nest. The 7. (large) are the soldier ants, whose duty is to defend the nest.

    8. (find) out how good the various size groups are at different tasks, the scientist measured the amount of work done by the ants against the amount of energy they used. He examined first the gathering and carrying of leaves. He selected one of the size groups and then measured 9.efficiently these ants could find leaves and run back to the nest. Then he repeated the experiment for each of the other size groups. 10.this way he could see whether any group could do the job more efficiently than the group normally undertaking it.

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