The Body Temperature
The temperature of your body should be always just the same, no matter whether the weather is hot or cold. That is why the doctor uses his thermometer （温度计）when your are sick.
The body keeps the same temperature all the time ,because it balances the heat it produces and it gives off. It is always burning up food and , producing heat. It can produce heat faster when it needs to give off heat than when it becomes too warm. Let’s see how this happen.
The heat of your body is given off mainly through the skin. When you are cold, your skin is tight and shows “good flesh”. When you get chilly, you must dance around to keep warm or else you will shiver. Then your muscles begin to work, burn up fuel, and produce more heat. It is not pleasant to shiver, so you usually prefer to warm up by exercise, or put on more clothes to keep heat in.
When you are warm, the skin is loose and soft. It is so supplied with blood that heat is given off rapidly. If you get too warm, you begin to sweat ,and more body heat is used in evaporating the moisture（水蒸气） from your skin. You wear less clothing, too, in warm weather or warm room, so that warm can be given off freely. You feel less like exercising because your body is warm already, and the extra heat produced by exercise makes you uncomfortable.
You can see from the way you feel differently in different kinds of weather. In summer, when it is warm, you feel tired and lazy. You do not care to work or play, but enjoy lying and doing nothing. When you get out of doors in winter, the cold air makes you feel lively. You want to play.
【小题1】Which is another title suitable of the passage?
| A．The Patients’ Temperature |
| B．The Body Temperature Should Always Be the Same |
| C．The Body Temperature |
| D．The Temperature and Your Skin |
| A．It is always producing heat from food. |
| B．It gives off the heat produced in it. |
| C．It balances the heat it gets and loses. |
| D．It stops producing heat when necessary. |
| A．His skin becomes tight in order to keep warm. |
| B．He does exercises to make his muscle produce more heat. |
| C．He puts on more clothes to keep heat in. |
| D．He keeps shivering to produce more heat. |
| A．work | B．play | C．do exercise | D．relax and do nothing |
【小题1】B
【小题2】C
【小题3】B
【小题4】D
解析试题分析：文章介绍人的体温是任何保持平衡的，在冷的时候怎么保持热量，在热的时候怎么散发热量。
【小题1】主旨题:文章的第一句话：The temperature of your body should be always just the same,交代的文章的主旨：人的体温应该一致不变。选B
【小题2】细节题：从第二段的句子：The body keeps the same temperature all the time ,because it balances the heat it produces and it gives off.可知人体可以平衡得到或失去的温度。选C
【小题3】细节题：从第三段的句子：When you get chilly, you must dance around to keep warm or else you will shiver. Then your muscles begin to work, burn up fuel, and produce more heat.可知要多锻炼是肌肉产生更多的压力。选B
【小题4】细节题：从最后一段的句子：You do not care to work or play, but enjoy lying and doing nothing. 可知夏天人们喜欢躺着。选D
考点：考查日常生活类短文
点评：文章内容较为简单，大多的题目都是细节题，要求考生仔细阅读文本，耐心审题，结合题目做出准确的定位判断。
科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
In the United States, 30 percent of the people have a “weight problem”。To many people the cause is obvious (明显的): they eat too much. But scientific evidence (证据) does little to support this idea. Going back to America of 1910, we find that people were thinner than today, yet they ate more food. In those days people worked harder physically, walked more, used machines much less, and didn’t watch television.
Several modern studies, moreover, have shown that fatter people don’t eat more on average than thinner people. A 1979 study of 3,545 London office workers showed that fat people eat less than slim (苗条的) people.
Studies also show that slim people are more active than fat people. A study by a research group at Stanford University found the following interesting facts:
The more the man ran, the greater loss of the body fat
The more they ran, the greater increase in food intake.
Thus, those who ran the most ate the most, yet lost the greatest amount of body fat.
Nowadays many Americans have the problem that ______.
A. they are too slim B. they work too hard C. they are too fat D. they lose too much body fat
According to the passage, how many people in 900 Americans have a “weight problem”?
A. 150. B. 300. C. 600. D. 270.
Is there any scientific evidence to support the idea that eating too much is the cause of a “weight problem”?
A. Yes, there is plenty of evidence. B. Of course, there is some evidence to support this.
C. There is hardly any scientific evidence to support this. D. We are not sure.
The Americans in 1910 ________. A. ate more food and had more physical activities
B. ate less food but had more physical activities
C. ate less food and had less physical activities D. had more problems
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有多余选项。
Have you ever seen any students whose trousers hang so low you can see their underwear? What do you think of that? Fashionable? Some of today’s teenagers are big fans of such a look. 71. __________
The headmaster of a school in central Italy has asked students to stop wearing low-rise jeans that expose underwear and parts of the body. His request came after a class trip. One day, he saw one boy’s baggy trousers slide to his feet. 72. ____________
But in Italy, a nation that takes fashion very seriously, the suggestion caused a debate among parents, teachers and students. The issue is whether the headmaster's request will limit students' freedom— or whether dress in Italian schools is too casual.
73. _________ “We do not want to kick fashion out,” the headmaster explained, “but extremes (极端) of fashion like this are not right in school.” Many other schools have now requested that their students also stop wearing such trousers.
74._________ Ludovica Gaudio, 14, wore extremely low trousers exposing orange underwear in class. It was cold, so she wore a matching orange scarf. 75._______________ “I don't really feel comfortable in those sort of jeans,” said Sarah Lattanzi, “in winter, when dressed like that, it's quite cold and I am afraid my stomach will ache.”
A. But recently this trend has been at the center of an argument in Italian middle schools.
B. A parents’ group praised the move in favor of good taste, while others advised schools to stop worrying about fashion and fix up old school buildings.
C. He pointed out that this way of dressing is not suitable for school.
D. Most students have simply ignored the request.
E. Another 14-year-old said she would probably respect the request, simply for practical reasons.
F. Let us see that Italian students react differently to schools’ requests.
G. Schools should pay attention to things more important than students’ clothes.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2012年新课标版高中英语选修七 Unit1练习卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Some people say that the best way to reduce the size of your waist is to do stomach exercise. Many people believe that when specific muscles are exercised, the fatty tissues (组织) in the immediate area are burned up. The truth is that exercise burns fat from all over the body and not from one specific area. Of course, if you reduce the fat throughout your body, you will certainly see results around your waist too.
Some people believe that you need to exercise twice a week in order to keep a sufficient level of physical fitness. However, studies directed by American scientists show that unexercised muscles lose their strength very quickly. Within 48 to 72 hours, you must use the muscles again to reestablish (重建) the good physical effects. And what does that mean to you? American scientists concluded that while daily exercise is most helpful, exercising every other day or three days a week will keep a sufficient level of physical fitness.
Is it true that you burn more calories running one mile than walking the same distance? The answer is no. The truth is that you use the same amount of energy whether you walk or run the mile, since in both cases you are moving the same weight the same distance. The speed does not matter. Of course, if you run rather than walk for 30 minutes, you will cover more distance, and therefore burn more calories.
If your breathing doesn’t return to normal within 5 minutes after you finish exercising, you have exercised too much. Five minutes or so after exercising, your breathing should be normal, your heart shouldn’t be beating loudly, and you shouldn’t be tired.
1.If you want to reduce the fat around your waist, you should ____.
|
A．do stomach exercise |
B．exercise the waist |
|
C．exercise all the muscles of your body |
D．run fast for 30 minutes |
2.From the second paragraph, we learn that ____.
|
A．we only need to exercise twice a week |
|
B．we should exercise three times a week |
|
C．muscles lose their strength after 48 hours |
|
D．we should exercise every other day, or three days a week |
3.It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _________ .
|
A．you will lose more weight running one hour than walking one hour |
|
B．whether you run one mile or walk the same distance, you use the same amount of energy |
|
C．you will lose more weight running one mile than walking the same distance |
|
D．both A and B |
4.If you have exercised too much, _______.
|
A．your breathing will take longer than 5 minutes to return to normal after you finish exercising |
|
B．your breathing will return to normal within 5 minutes after finishing exercising |
|
C．your heart will not be beating loudly |
|
D．you will be too tired to move |
5.This passage tells us that _________.
|
A．it is better to do more running than walking |
|
B．the more exercise you do, the healthier you will be |
|
C．the unexercised muscles must be used again within 48 to 72 hours |
|
D．in order to lose weight, you have to run fast |
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科目：高中英语 来源：广东省2009-2010学年度高一下学期单元测试卷（英语） 题型：阅读理解
七．阅读理解 (20分)
When did you see a polar bear ? On a trip to a zoo, perhaps ? If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago, you would have seen a whole polar bear club. These “Polar Bears” are people who meet frequently in the winter to swim in freezing cold water. That day, the air temperature was 3 degrees. And the water temperature was a little higher. The members of the Polar Bear Club at Coney Island, New York are usually about the age of 60. Members must satisfy two requirements. First, they must get along well with everyone else in the group; this is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club. Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February.
Doctors don’t agree about the medical effects of cold-water swimming. Some are worried about the dangers of a condition in which the body’s temperature drops so slow that finally the heart stops. Other doctors, however, point out that there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming because the difference between the air temperature and the water tempreature is much greater in summer than in winter.
The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits of cold-water swimming. They say that their favorite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory system (循环系统) because it forces the blood to move fast to keep the body warm. Cold-water swimmers usually turn bright red after a few minutes in the water. A person who turns blue probably has a very poor circulatory system and could not try cold-water swimming.
The main benefits of cold-water swimming are probably mental. The Polar Bears love to swim all the year round; they find it fun and relaxing. As one 70-year-old woman says, “When I go into the water, I pour my troubles into the ocean and let them float away.”
1. Doctors _________ .
A. have different ideas about the medical effects of cold-water swimming
B. believe swimming is helpful both in summer and in winter
C. enourage people to take part in cold-water swimming
D. point out the possible danger of blood illness during cold-water swimming
2. According to the passage, some doctors believe it is true that _______ .
A. Polar bears are bears swimming in freezing water
B. cold-water swimming can make the body temperature dangerously high
C. you are healthy if cold-water swimming turns your skin color blue
D. cold-water swimming causes more heart attack in summer than in winter
3. The Polar Bears like to swim year-round, for _______ .
A. it is an easy way to keep the body warm in winter
B. they can stay young
C. they find it enjoyable and interesting
D. they might meet fewer troubles in life
4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text ?
A.The Polar Bear is a club in which people swim to protect polar bears.
B. The club members are all over 60 years old.
C. There is no woman in the club.
D. None of the above.
5. This passage is mainly about _______ .
A. the requirements of the Polar Bear Club
B. a group of cold-water-swimming lovers
C. the Polar Bears’ life in New York
D. doctors’ ideas about cold-water swimming
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科目：高中英语 来源：2011-2012学年浙江省温州市十校联合体高三上学期期初联考英语试题 题型：阅读理解
LONDON----Here’s a new warning from health experts: Sitting is deadly.
Scientists are increasingly warning that sitting for prolonged periods — even if you also exercise regularly — could be bad for your health. And it doesn’t matter where the sitting takes place — at the office, at school, in the car or before a computer or TV — just the overall number of hours it occurs. Several studies suggest people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die.
In an editorial published this week in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, Elin EkblomBak of the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences suggested that authorities rethink how they define physical activity to highlight the dangers of sitting.
While health officials have issued guidelines recommending minimum amounts of physical activity, they haven’t suggested people try to limit how much time they spend in a seated position.
"After four hours of sitting, the body starts to send harmful signals," Ekblom-Bak said. She explained that genes regulating(调节) the amount of glucose（葡萄糖） and fat in the body start to shut down.
Even for people who exercise, spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful. Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization, said people who exercise every day — but still spend a lot of time sitting — might get more benefit if that exercise were spread across the day, rather than in a single bout.（一回）
Still, in a study published last year that tracked more than 17,000 Canadians for about a dozen years, researchers found people who sat more had a higher death risk, independently of whether or not they exercised.
"We don’t have enough evidence yet to say how much sitting is bad," said Peter Katzmarzyk of the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge, who led the Canadian study. "But it seems the more you can get up and interrupt this sedentary behavior, the better."
Figures from a U.S. survey in 2003-2004 found Americans spend more than half their time sitting, from working at their desks to sitting in cars.
Experts said more research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible to offset those effects.
"People should keep exercising because that has a lot of benefits," Ekblom-Bak said. "But when they’re in the office, they should try to interrupt sitting as often as possible," she said.
1.What is the best title for the text?
A. Not Sitting Too Much While Working B. How To Avoid Sitting Too Much
C. Sitting Too Much Could Be Deadly D. More And More People Sit Too Much
2.According to the research,______________.
A. the more time you spend in exercising in a single bout, the healthier you will be.
B. those who often sit too much are sure to grow fat or suffer from a heart attack.
C. regular exercise is effective to get rid of the side effect of sitting too much.
D. you had better not sit for more than four hours in a single bout.
3.How does the danger of sitting too much affect the human body?
A. It results in a higher death risk.
B. It increases glucose and fat in the body.
C. It makes a person unable to exercise long enough in a day.
D. It causes the gene to fail to balance the glucose and fat in the body.
4.In the opinion of Ekblom-Bak, you’d better have a rest in the office by________.
A. sending your friends e-mails
B. having a walk around your office
C. chatting online or playing computer games
D. listening to music with your head on the desk.
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