【题目】阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置上。
The earth was just 【1】________ cloud of dust after the “Big Bang”. The earth exploded loudly with fire and rock. 【2】________ were in time to produce many things，which were to make the earth’s atmosphere. As the earth cooled down，water began to appear on 【3】________ surface. It allowed the earth to dissolve 【4】________(harm) gases. Then life began to develop.
Small plants multiplied and filled the first oceans and seas with oxygen. This encouraged the 【5】________(develop) of early shellfish and fish. Land animals such 【6】_______ insects，reptiles and dinosaurs appeared after green plants appeared. Small clever animals spread all 【7】________ the earth. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, 【8】________ prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 【9】_______ life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can 【10】___________(solve)．
【答案】
【1】a
【2】They
【3】its
【4】harmful
【5】development
【6】as
【7】over
【8】which
【9】Whether
【10】be solved
【解析】
【1】a cloud of dust是可数名词，翻译成乌云，所以要用冠词来修饰。
【2】They 考查代词用法，横线所在的句子缺少主语，但是语法填空不能随意填写名词，所以只能用代词。
【3】its 考查所有格形式。使用所有格的情况是：表示主语本身的时候，所以用it的所有格形式。
【4】harmful 考查形容词用法。Gases是名词所以要使用形容词修饰名词。
【5】development 考查名词用法。因为横线前面有冠词the，只有冠词修饰名词，所以划横线的词性是名词。
【6】as 考查固定搭配。Suck as...诸如...在列举情况下使用。
【7】over 考查固定搭配。all over the earth/world(遍及全世界）
【8】which 考查非限制性定语从句的连接词。因为先行词是物，所以使用which。
【9】Whether 根据后面的depend on...所以这里是一个选择的意味，所以使用whether。
【10】be solved 考查被动语态。首先情态动词can后面要跟动词原型，而problem与solve之间是被动关系，所以使用be solved.
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【题目】Everybody hates it, but everybody does it. A recent report said that 40％of Americans hate tipping. In America alone, tipping is a $16 billion-a-year industry. Consumers acting politely ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service. Tips should not exist. So why do they? The common opinion in the past was that tips both rewarded the efforts of good service and reduced uncomfortable feelings of inequality. And also, tipping makes for closer relations. It went without saying that the better the service, the bigger the tip.
But according to a new research from Cornell University, tips no longer serve any useful function. The paper analyzes numbers they got from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants. The connection between larger tips and better service was very weak. Only a tiny part of the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service.
Tipping is better explained, by culture than by the money people spend. In America, the custom came into being a long time ago. It is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In New York restaurants, failing to tip at least l5% could well mean dissatisfaction from the customers. Hairdressers can expect to get l5%-20%, and the man who delivers your fast food $2. In Europe, tipping is less common. In many restaurants the amount of tip is decided by a standard service charge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really caught on at all. Only a few have really taken to tipping.
According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell papers' author, countries in which people are more social or outgoing tend to tip more. Tipping may reduce anxiety about being served by strangers. And Mr. Lynn says, “In America, where people are expressive and eager to mix up with others, tipping is about social approval. If you tip badly, people think less of you. Tipping well is a chance to show off."
【1】 This passage is mainly about ________.
A. different kinds of tipping in different countries
B. the relationship between tipping and custom
C. the origin and present meaning of tipping
D. most American people hate tipping
【2】Which of the following best explains the underlined phrase "caught on"?
A. become popular. B. been hated.
C. been stopped. D. been permitted
【3】Among the following situations, in your opinion, who is likely to tip most?
A. A Frenchman just quarreled with the barber who did his hair badly in New York.
B. An American just had a wonderful dinner in a well known restaurant in New York.
C. A Japanese businessman asked for a pizza delivery from a Pizza Hut in New York.
D. A Chinese student enjoyed his meal in a famous fast food restaurant in New York.
【4】We can infer from this passage that ________.
A. tipping is no longer a good way to satisfy some customers themselves
B. tipping is especially popular in New York
C. tipping in America can make service better now
D. tipping has something to do with people's character
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【题目】Without proper planning, tourism can cause problems. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the inhabitants of a country. If tourists create too much traffic, the inhabitants become annoyed and unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists and to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country’s economy. It is important to think about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects them. Tourism should help a country; keep the customs and beauty that attract tourists. Tourism should also advance the wealth and happiness of local inhabitants.
Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism grows too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work in the tourism industry. This means that other parts of the country’s economy can suffer.
On the other hand, if there is not enough tourism, people can lose jobs. Businesses can also lose money. It costs a great deal of money to build large hotels, airports, air terminals, first –class roads, and other support facilities（配套设备）needed by tourist attractions. For example, a major international class tourism hotel can cost as much as 50 thousand dollars per room to build. If this room is not used most of the time, the owners of the hotel lose money.
Building a hotel is just a beginning. There must be many support facilities as well, including roads to get to the hotel, electricity, sewers to handle waste, and water. All of these support facilities cost money. If they are not used because there are not enough tourists, jobs and money are lost.
【1】The underlined word “inhabitants” probably means _________.
A. tourists B. passengers
C. population D. citizens
【2】 Too much tourism can cause all these problems EXCEPT ___________.
A. a bad effect on other industries
B. a change of tourists’ customs
C. over-crowdedness of places of interest
D. pressure on traffic
【3】It can be inferred from the text that ________.
A. the author doesn’t like tourism developing so fast
B. local people will benefit from tourist attraction
C. other parts of a country’s economy won’t benefit from tourism
D. we can’t build too many support facilities
【4】The author thinks it is good for local people to know that tourism will ___________.
A. waste a lot of money
B. weaken their economy
C. help establish their customs
D. help improve their life
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B. You can become a popular person. |
C. Almost anyone, no matter how shy he is, will answer a question. |
D. And how he answers will let you know how far you can go. |
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F. It’s polite to listen to others with a smile. |
G. These people have something in common. |
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【题目】Your glasses may someday replace your smartphone, and some New Yorkers are ready for the switch. Some in the city can't wait to try them on and use the maps and GPS that the futuristic eyewear is likely to include.
“ I'd use it if I were hanging out with friends at 3 a. m. and going to the [bar and wanted to see what was open,” said Walter Choo, 40, of Fort Greene.
The smartphone-like glasses will likely come out this year and cost between $250 and $600, the Times said, possibly including a variation of augmented(增强的) reality, a technology already available on smartphones and tablets (平板电脑) that overlays information onto the screen about one's surroundings. So, for example, if you were walking down a street, indicators would pop up showing you the nearest coffee shop or directions could be plotted out and come into view right on the sidewalk in front of you.
“ As far as a mainstream consumer product, this just isn't something anybody needs,” said Sam Biddle, who writes for Gizmodo.com. “ We're accustomed to having one thing in our pocket to do all these things,” he added, “and the average consumer isn't gonna be able to afford another device (装置) that's hundreds and hundreds of dollars.”
9to5Google publisher Seth Weintraub, who has been reporting on the smartphone-like glasses since late last year, said he is confident that this type of wearable device will eventually be as common as smartphones.
“It's just like smartphones 10 years ago,” Weintraub said. “A few people started getting emails on their phones, and people thought that was crazy. Same kind of thing. We see people bending their heads to look at their smartphones, and it's unnatural,” he said. “ There's gonna be improvements to that, and this a step there.”
【1】 One of the possible functions of the smartphone-like glasses is to ____.
A. program the opening hours of a bar
B. supply you with a picture of the future
C. provide information about your surroundings
D. update the maps and GPS in your smartphones
【2】The underlined phrase "pop up" in the third paragraph probably means " ____".
A. develop rapidly
B. get round quickly
C. appear immediately
D. go over automatically
【3】According to Sam Biddle, the smartphone-like glasses are ____.
A. necessary for teenagers
B. attractive to New Yorkers
C. available to people worldwide
D. expensive for average consumers
【4】We can learn from the last two paragraphs that the smartphone-like glasses ____.
A. may have a potential market
B. are as common as smartphones
C. are popular among young adults
D. will be improved by a new technology
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【题目】No one not even its creators-thought that the world would care about the interwoven(相互交织的)lives, loves and sufferings of a group of attractive and witty New Yorkers. But there’s no doubt that Friends(老友记)has become more than just a successful situation comedy—it has established itself as one of the last great television phenomena of the last century. Along the way, it has made its half-dozen lead actors famous.
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Years have gone by, but Friends remains and will remain an example of a modern day US sitcom that is both hugely entertaining television and nothing short o a genuine latter-day social phenomenon.
【1】What is stressed in the second paragraph?
A. The origin of Friends
B. The role models of Friends
C. The popularity of Friends
D. The brilliance of Friends.
【2】Which of the following is TRUE about Friends?
A. It has a simple but entertaining plot.
B. It is about friendship between college students.
C. It was criticized by Entertainment Weekly.
D. It first came into being in the 1990.
【3】What can we learn from the passage?
A. Producer, Kevin S. Bright, graduated from the same college as David Crane.
B. ABC once replaced the theme song of its TV show with a short music intro
C. The ABC executive thought highly of the theme song of Friends.
D. Marta Kauffman expected Friends to achieve great success.
【4】What might the author think of Friends?
A. Its merits outweigh its shortcomings.
B. Its success lies in the lack of good sitcoms.
C. He/she has a reserved attitude towards its success.
D. He/she shows great affection towards it .
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【题目】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Once there lived a rich man 【1】________ wanted to do something for the people of his town. But first he wanted to find out whether they【2】 _______ (actual) deserved his help.
In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed 【3】 very large stone. Then he 【4】 ______(hide) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow.
“Who put this stone in the centre of the road?” said the old man, but he did not attempt 【5】 ________ (remove) the stone. 【6】___________,with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way. 【7】 ________ man came along and did the same thing; then another came, and another. All of them complained about the stone but nobody tried to remove it. Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, 【8】 ________ (say) to himself; “The night 【9】_______(be)very dark. Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.”
The he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 【10】_______ (strong)to move it. To his amazement, he found a bag of money under the stone.
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【题目】短文改错
以下短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者 (从第11处起) 不计分。
We receive your application last week. We regret to inform you that our company has hired a boy calling Tonny the job of the manager assistant. Having studied your certificate careful，we decided that we should hire someone with more office experiences for this particular position. You have impressed them with your desire to learn and your ability to work hard, but we do hope that you will apply for a position in our company sometime in the future. We would like to thank you on your being interested in our company. Please to contact us if there is any further questions.
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【题目】Some colors people see late at night could cause signs of the condition mental health experts call clinical depression(临床抑郁症). That was the finding of a study that builds on earlier study findings. They show that individuals who live or work in low levels of light overnight can develop clinical depression.
Doctors use the word clinical depression to describe severe form of depression. Signs may include loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, low energy levels and thoughts of death or suicide.
In the new study, American investigators designed an experiment that exposed hamsters（仓鼠）to different colors. The researchers chose hamsters because they are nocturnal, which means they sleep during the day and are active at night. The animals were separated into four groups. One group of hamsters was kept in the dark during their night-time period. Another group was placed in front of a blue light, a third group slept in front of a white light, while a fourth was put in front of a red light. After four weeks, the researchers noted how much sugary water the hamsters drank. They found that the most depressed animals drank the least amount of water.
Randy Nelson, at Ohio State University, says animals that slept in blue and white light appeared to be the most depressed. “What we saw is that these animals didn’t show any sleep interruptions at all but they did mess up biological clock (生物钟) genes and they did show depressive sign but if they were in the dim red light, they did not.” He says there’s a lot of blue in white light. This explains why the blue light and white light hamsters appear to be more depressed than the hamsters seeing red light or darkness.
【1】From the text we know that ________ made the hamster feel depressed.
A. the amount of the water
B. the colour of the light
C. the loss of pleasure
D. the level of energy
【2】What was the purpose of the experiment on hamsters?
A. To show how well they slept.
B. To see how much sugary water they drank.
C. To explain why they liked dark colours.
D. To find out what caused the depression on them.
【3】The author explains the clinical depression by _________.
A. reporting an experiment process
B. presenting research data
C. setting down general rules
D. giving his own experience
【4】Where can we probably find the text?
A. In a science magazine.
B. In a physics textbook
C. In a tourist guidebook.
D. In an official announcement.
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