3．In modern society loneliness can be seen as a social phenomenon and people can experience loneliness for many reasons．It is a very common，though normally temporary，consequence of a breakup，divorce，or loss of any important long-term relationship．In these cases，loneliness may result both from the loss of a specific person or from dropping out of social circles．The loss of a significant person in one's life will typically lead to a grief response； in this situation，one might feel lonely，even while in the company of others．
There are many different ways used to treat loneliness．The first step that most doctors recommend to patients is treatment．Short term treatment typically occurs over a period of ten to twenty weeks．During treatment，emphasis is put on understanding the cause of the problem，thoroughly changing the negative thoughts，feelings，and attitudes resulting from the problem，and exploring ways to help the patient feel connected．Some doctors also recommend group treatment a means to connect with other sufferers and establish a support system．
Another treatment is animal-assisted treatment．Studies and surveys indicate that the presence of animal companions such as dogs，cats，rabbits，and guinea pigs can ease feelings of loneliness or depression among some sufferers．Beyond the companionship the animal itself provides there may also be increased opportunities for socializing with other pet owners．Results of a study also suggest that correcting improper social cognition （认知） offers the best chance of reducing loneliness．
However，loneliness can sometimes play an important role in the creative process．In some people，temporary or prolonged loneliness can lead to remarkable artistic and creative expression，for example，as was the case with poet Emily Dickinson，and many musicians．This is not to imply that loneliness itself ensures this creativity，rather，it may have an influence on the subject matter of the artist and more likely be present in individuals engaged in creative activities．
43．According to the passage，what can lead to lonelinessB？
A．Running away from the school．
B．Losing long-term friendship．
C．A specific person's marriage．
D．A company's closing down．
44．What's the purpose of the passageD？
A．To explain why people feel lonely．
B．To introduce the cures for loneliness．
C．To show results of a survey．
D．To make people know more about loneliness．
45．Compared with group treatment，what is the key to short-term treatmentD？
A．To set up a support system by contacting other sufferers．
B．To take anti-depressant medicine and switch it periodically．
C．To change patients'attitude towards loneliness．
D．To raise the awareness of the cause of the problem．
46．Why does the author take the example of Emily DickinsonA？
A．Because loneliness may contribute to arts creation in some ways．
B．Because loneliness itself was present when Emily Dickinson wrote a poem．
C．Because people can feel whether a person is lonely in his artworks．
D．Because in the creative process，loneliness can be treated．
分析 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了什么是孤独，以及治疗孤独的短期和长期的不同，同时向我们说明孤独可能会在某些方面有助于艺术创作，作者写这篇文章是为了使更多的人了解孤独．
解答 43．B 细节理解题，根据第一段It is a very common，though normally temporary，consequence of a breakup，divorce，or loss of any important long-term relationship．可知失去长期的友谊会使人感到孤独，故选B．
44．D 主旨大意题，通读全文可知在本文中作者向我们介绍了什么是孤独，因此作者写这篇文章是为了使更多的人了解孤独，故选D．
45．D 推理判断题，根据第二段During treatment，emphasis is put on understanding the cause of the problem，thoroughly changing the negative thoughts，feelings，and attitudes resulting from the problem，and exploring ways to help the patient feel connected．可知短期治疗的关键是要提高对问题原因的认识，故选D．
46．A 细节理解题，根据最后一段for example，as was the case with poet Emily Dickinson，and many musicians．This is not to imply that loneliness itself ensures this creativity，rather，it may have an influence on the subject matter of the artist and more likely be present in individuals engaged in creative activities．可知作者以艾米莉•狄金森为例是为了向我们说明孤独可能会在某些方面有助于艺术创作，故选A．
点评 考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
