Question

【题目】Dogs are likely to have complex emotions such as jealousy(嫉妒)and pride, according to a new scientific research.

Dogs feel very jealous when they find that they are unfairly treated. And they do not like seeing their owners being kind to other creatures, especially other dogs. They often react negatively(消极地)when their owners bring home new pets, the research found. “Dogs show a strong aversion to unfair treatment,” Dr. Friederike Range of the Vienna University said.

At first, people believed most animals lack(缺少)the “sense of self” , which is needed to experience so-called secondary emotions such as jealousy, embarrassment or guilt. These emotions are more complex than feelings such as anger or joy.

Besides dogs research, another research includes cows, horse, cats and sheep, and all the results have shown that animals are far more self-aware than we thought.

Dr Paul Morris, a psychologist at the University of Portsmouth who studies animal emotions, told The Sunday Times, “We are learning that dogs, horses, and perhaps many other species are far more emotionally complex than we ever realized. They can suffer simple forms of many emotions we once thought only primates (灵长类) could experience.”

In research among dog owners, Dr Morris found almost all of them reported jealous behavior by their pets. The dog often tried to keep their owner away from a new lover in the early days of a relationship.

Behavioral experts suggest that owners should keep a close relationship with the dog as usual when a new pet or child comes along in order to prevent jealous activity from the dog such as interruptions with barking.

【1】What is the new discovery about the relationship between dogs and human?

A. Dogs usually have more emotions than humans.

B. Dogs are often treated unfairly by humans.

C. Humans are angry about their dogs’ negative reactions.

D. Dogs feel unhappy when their owners show kindness to other creatures.

【2】What does the underlined word “aversion” in the second paragraph mean?

A. Internet B. Dislike

C. Concern D. Fear

【3】What does the “the sense of self” in the third paragraph probably mean?

A. It is a complex feeling that belongs to humans.

B. It is a kind of ability to feel other people’s emotions.

C. It is a necessary awareness to feel some complex emotions.

D. It is a kind of emotion which is based on anger or joy.

【4】Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs?

A. The research includes four kinds of animals.

B. Animals are more self-aware than humans.

C. Dogs experience more emotions than primates.

D. Animals are emotionally complex.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】B

【3】C

【4】D

【解析】说明文。本文通过狗的例子说明动物也有复杂的感情，并不如人类所设想的那样简单。

【1】推理判断题。根据第二段Dogs feel very jealous when they find that they are unfairly treated. And they do not like seeing their owners being kind to other creatures, especially other dogs.（狗发现受到不公正对待时很嫉妒，它们不喜欢看到主人对其它动物好，尤其是其他狗）可知，D项正确，故选D。

【2】词义猜测题。根据They often react negatively(消极地) when their owners bring home new pets, the research found.（主人带新宠物回家狗就反应消极）可知，狗觉得失宠而嫉妒。故选B。

【3】推理判断题。根据which is needed to experience so-called secondary emotions such as jealousy, embarrassment or guilt. These emotions are more complex than feelings such as anger or joy.(是体验次生情感所必要的)可知，对应选项中a necessary awareness选C。

【4】细节理解题。根据第五段...dogs, horses, and perhaps many other species are far more emotionally complex than we ever realized. They can suffer simple forms of many emotions（许多物种远比我们知道的情感复杂，它们能遭受多种简单情感）可知，动物的感情也很复杂，故选D。