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Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel.And he surely deserves additional praisethe man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.

I say clever because anti?slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War.H.B.Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example.These early stories dealt directly with slavery.With minor exceptionsTwain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.

Again and againin the postwar yearsTwain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race.Consider the most controversialat least todayof Twain’s novelsAdventures of Huckleberry Finn.Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry FinnTwain’s most widely read tale.Once upon a timepeople hated the book because it struck them as rude.Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel“trash and suitable only for the slums(贫民窟)”More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jimthe escaped slaveand many occurrences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jimfor which the novel is often severely criticizednever appears in it.)

But the attacks were and are silly—and miss the point.The novel is strongly anti?slavery.Jim’s search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic.As JChadwick has pointed outthe character of Jim was a first in American fiction—a recognition that the slave had two personalities“the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individualJimthe father and the man.”

There is much more.Twain’s mystery novel Pudd’nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day.Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior (低等的) to whitesespecially in intelligenceTwain’s tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth.A slave gave birth to her master’s baby andfor fear that the child should be sold Southswitched him for the master’s baby by his wife.The slave’s light?skinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave?holding class.The master’s wife’s baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.

The point was difficult to missnurture (养育)not naturewas the key to social status.The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice—manner of speechfor example—wereto Twainindicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.

Twain’s racial tone was not perfect.One is left uneasyfor exampleby the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自传) about how much he loved what were called“nigger shows”in his youth—mostly with white men performing in black?face—and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.

Was Twain a racist? Asking the questioning the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln.If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the“wisdom”of the considered moral judgments of the presentwe will find nothing but error.Lincolnwho believed the black man the inferior of the whitefought and won a war to free him.And Twainraised in a slave statebriefly a soldierand inventor of Jimmay have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.

1.How do Twain’s novels on slavery differ from Stowe’s?

ATwain was more willing to deal with racism.

BTwain’s attack on racism was much less open.

CTwain’s themes seemed to agree with plots.

DTwain was openly concerned with racism.

2.Recent criticism of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn arose partly from its________.

Atarget readers at the bottom

Banti?slavery attitude

Crather impolite language

Dfrequent use of“nigger”

3.What best proves Twain’s anti?slavery stand according to the author?

AJim’s search for his family was described in detail.

BThe slave’s voice was first heard in American novels.

CJim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.

DTwain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.

4.The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that________.

Aslaves were forced to give up their babies to their masters

Bslaves’ babies could pick up slave?holders’ way of speaking

Cblacks’social position was shaped by how they were brought up

Dblacks were born with certain features of prejudice

5.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to?

AThe attacks.

BSlavery and prejudice.

CWhite men.

DThe shows.

6.What does the author mainly argue for?

ATwain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.

BTwain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.

CTwain’s works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.

DTwain’s works should be read from a historical point of view.

 

1.B

2.D

3.C

4.C

5.D

6.A

【解析】本篇为说明文,谈到马克·吐温的小说是不是对奴隶制和(种族)偏见进行了抨击,以及它们受到了不同人士的批评的情况。

1.

2.2】解析:选D。细节理解题。根据关键词Adventures of Huckleberry Finn可定位到第三段。由More recently the book has been attacked because of...many occurences of the word nigger.可知答案为D项。AC项都是以前人们对该书的评价;B项无依据。

3.3】解析:选C。细节理解题。由第四段的末句...the character of Jim was a first in American fiction—a recognition that the slave had two personalities...可知答案为C项。AD项叙述与原文不符;B项未提及。

4.4】解析:选C。推理判断题。第五段讲到Twain’s mystery novel...as a challenge to the racial beliefs...,而下一段的The point was difficult to missnurture(养育)not naturewas the key to social status.是对a challenge to the racial beliefs 的进一步解释。故只有C项符合要求。其他各项都是对第五段的字面意思的理解。

5.5】解析:选D。词义猜测题。由画线词所在句的前一句可知,没有理由认为马克·吐温把这些表演当作现实,后句紧接着解释到:马克·吐温对奴隶制和偏见的不断抨击说明了他敏锐的意识——它们不是现实。可见they就是指代the shows

6.6】解析:选A。推理判断题。最后一段最后一句体现了作者的观点:And Twain...may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice...than any other novelist in the past century.故只有A项符合要求。

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科目:高中英语 来源:2013-2014学年高考阅读理解全程冲刺训练(12)英语试卷(解析版) 题型:阅读理解

Alex London Research Laboratory (ALRL) is part of Alex Co., Ltd., a major Australian medicine-making company. Opened in 1992, ALRL specializes in the development of new medicines for the treatment of heart diseases

A position is now open for a Research Operations Manager(ROM) to support our growing research team at the new laboratories in Hatfielddue to open in the autumn of 2010

Reporting to the Directoryou will help set up and run the technical and scientific support services of our new laboratories now under constructionYou will be expected to provide expert knowledge about and be in charge of all areas of ALRL’S Health and Safetyand to communicate (沟通)with support employees at ALRL’S laboratories based at University College LondonWorking closely with scientists and other operations and technical employeesyou will manage a small number of research support employees providing services to help with the research activities to be carried out at the new laboratories

Candidates(申请人) will have experience of both management and research supporttechnical servicesKnowledge of research operations and excellent communication skills are necessary. Education to degree level is also desirable

If you are interested in this positionplease send your CV(简历)to Alex London Research

LaboratoryUniversity College LondonHatfieldLondonW1E 6B7 or by email to ALRL@alex.co.uk

For more Informationplease visit www.alex.co.uk

1. What can be learnt about the new laboratories from the text?

A. They have not yet been set up

B. They are in HatfieldAustralia

C. They belong to University College London

D. They are new workplaces for Australian researchers only

2. What are the duties of a ROMaccording to the text?

 

A. abcB. abd

C. bcdD. acd

3.. What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about?

A. The technical skills of a would—be ROM

B. The practical experience of a would—be ROM

C. The personal information of a would—be ROM

D. The necessary requirements for a would—be ROM

4. What is the purpose of the text?

A. To describe the job of a ROM

B. To provide information about ALRL

C. To announce an open position at ALRL

D. To make known the opening of the new laboratories

 

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科目:高中英语 来源:2013-2014学年高考第二轮专题复习提分训练专题十四细节理解英语试卷(解析版) 题型:阅读理解

 

1.What you have just read is a________.

Anote Breport

Cschedule Dposter

2.What is going to take place on 2 February,2013?

AA big event to welcome a Chinese new year.

BA social gathering to raise money for wildlife.

CA party for close friends to meet and have fun.

DA meeting of Kwun Tong High School students.

3.How much do you have to pay in total if four of you go together?

A$20. B$40.

C$60. D$80.

4.Which of the following statements is true?

ATickets are sold in Kwun Tong High School.

BIt’s unnecessary to take soft drinks with you.

CFree digital cameras are provided for everybody.

DFestival food will be served without extra charge.

 

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科目:高中英语 来源:2013-2014学年高考第二轮专题复习提分训练专题十六推理判断英语试卷(解析版) 题型:阅读理解

(2013·高考浙江卷,D)In 1974after filling out fifty applicationsgoing through four interviewsand winning one offerI took what I could get—a teaching job at what I considered a distant wild areawestern New Jersey.My characteristic optimism was alive only when I reminded myself that I would be doing what I had wanted to do since I was fourteen—teaching English.

School startedbut I felt more and more as if I were in a foreign country.Was this rural area really New JerseyMy students took a week off when hunting season began.I was told they were also frequently absent in late October to help their fathers make hay on the farms.I was a young woman from New York Citywho thought that“Make hay while the sun shines” just meant to have a good time.

ButstillI was teaching English.I worked hardtaking time off only to eat and sleep.And then there was my sixth?grade class—seventeen boys and five girls who were only six years younger than me.I had a problem long before I knew it.I was struggling in my work as a young idealistic teacher.I wanted to make literature come alive and to promote a love of the written word.The students wanted to throw spitballs and whisper dirty words in the back of the room.

In college I had been taught that a successful educator should ignore bad behavior.So I didconfident thatas the textbook had saidthe bad behavior would disappear as I gave my students positive attention.It sounds reasonablebut the text evidently ignored the fact that humansparticularly teenagersrarely seem reasonable.By the time my bosswho was also my taskmasterknown to be the strictestmost demandingmost quick to fire inexperienced teacherscame into the classroom to observe methe students exhibited very little good behavior to praise.

My boss sat in the back of the room.The boys in the class were making animal noiseshitting each other while the girls filed their nails or read magazines.I just pretended it all wasn’t happeningand went on lecturing and tried to ask some inspiring questions.My bosssitting in the back of roomseemed to be growing bigger and bigger.After twenty minutes he leftsilently.Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes.

I felt mildly victorious that I got through the rest of class without cryingbut at my next free period I had to face him.I wondered if he would let me finish out the day.I walked to his officetook a deep breathand opened the door.

He was sitting in his chairand he looked at me long and hard.I said nothing.All I could think of was that I was not an English teacherI had been lying to myselfpretending that everything was fine.

When he spokehe said simplywithout accusation“You had nothing to say to them.”

“You had nothing to say to them.”he repeated.“No wonder they’re bored.Why not get to the meat of the literature and stop talking about symbolism.Talk with themnot at them.And more importantwhy do you ignore their bad behavior”We talked.He named my problems and offered solutions.We role?played.He was the bad studentand I was the forcefulyetwarmteacher.

As the year progressedwe spent many hours discussing literature and ideas about human beings and their motivations.He helped me identify my weaknesses and my strengths.In shorthe made a teacher of me by teaching me the reality of Emerson’s words“The secret to education lies in respecting the pupil.”

Fifteen years later I still drive that same winding road to the same school.Thanks to the help I received that difficult first yearthe school is my home now.

1.It can be inferred from the story that in 1974________.

Athe writer became an optimistic person

Bthe writer was very happy about her new job

Cit was rather difficult to get a job in the USA

Dit was easy to get a teaching job in New Jersey

2.According to the passagewhich of the following is most probably the writer’s problem as a new teacher?

AShe had blind trust in what she learnt at college.

BShe didn’t ask experienced teachers for advice.

CShe took too much time off to eat and sleep.

DShe didn’t like teaching English literature.

3.What is the writer’s biggest worry after her taskmaster’s observation of her class?

AShe might lose her teaching job.

BShe might lose her students’ respect.

CShe couldn’t teach the same class any more.

DShe couldn’t ignore her students’ bad behavior any more.

4.Which of the following gives the writer a sense of mild victory?

AHer talk about symbolism sounded convincing.

BHer students behaved a little better than usual.

CShe managed to finish the class without crying.

DShe was invited for a talk by her boss after class.

5.The students behaved badly in the writer’s classes because________.

Athey were eager to embarrass her

Bshe didn’t really understand them

Cthey didn’t regard her as a good teacher

Dshe didn’t have a good command of English

6.The taskmaster’s attitude towards the writer after his observation of her class can be best described as ________.

Acruel but encouraging

Bfierce but forgiving

Csincere and supportive

Dangry and aggressive

 

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科目:高中英语 来源:2013-2014学年高考第二轮专题复习提分训练专题十六推理判断英语试卷(解析版) 题型:阅读理解

(2013·高考新课标全国卷B)In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of musicdance and theatre in Edinburgh.The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.

It quickly attracted famous names such as Alec GuinnessRichard BurtonDame Margot Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras(交响乐团)It became a fixed event every August and now attracts 400,000 people yearly.

At the same timethe “Fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival.Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947in the belief that everyone should have the right to performand they did so in a public house disused for years.

Soongroups of students firstly from Edinburgh Universityand later from the universities of Oxford and CambridgeDurham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little?known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.

Today the“Fringe”once less recognizedhas far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatremusic and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts.And yet as early as 1959with only 19 theatre groups performingsome said it was getting too big.

A paid administrator was first employed only in 1971and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself.In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries.More than 1.25 million tickets were sold.

1.What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning?

ATo bring Europe together again.

BTo honor heroes of World War Ⅱ.

CTo introduce young theatre groups.

DTo attract great artists from Europe.

2.Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edinburgh in 1947?

AThey owned a public house there.

BThey came to take up a challenge.

CThey thought they were also famous.

DThey wanted to take part in the festival.

3.Who joined the“Fringe”after it appeared?

APopular writers.

BUniversity students.

CArtists from around the world.

DPerformers of music and dance.

4.We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival________.

Ahas become a non?official event

Bhas gone beyond an art festival

Cgives shows all year round

Dkeeps growing rapidly

 

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