Question

In a recent study, researchers have estimated the energy required to produce bottled water, including the energy required to manufacture plastic, make the plastic into bottles, process the water, fill and seal the bottles, transport the bottles, and chill the bottles for use. Combining all the energy input totals for treatment and distribution, researchers found that producing bottled water requires between 5.6 and 10.2 million joules(焦耳) of energy per liter, depending on transportation factors. That's up to 2, 000 times the energy required to produce tap water.
To break down the energy requirements, researchers found that producing the plastic bottles and transporting the bottles greatly dominated(控制) the energy input. Although some companies are experimenting with producing lightweight bottles or using recycled materials, the researchers calculated that the manufacturing cost is about 4 million joules of energy per plastic bottle weighing 38 grams, and the cap weighing 2 grams.
“Our previous work had suggested that bottled water production was an energy­ intensive process, but we were surprised to see the results, ” the researchers said.
Transportation costs vary depending on the distance and mode of transport and both factors depend on the type of bottled water. There are two main kinds of bottled water in the US:^” spring water” which comes from an underground spring and “purified water”,which is city tap water that has received further treatment. For purified water distributed locally by truck within Los Angeles, the total transportation energy is about 1.4 million joules per liter. In the second situation, spring water shipped from Fiji (such as Fiji Spring Water) across the Pacific to Los Angeles, and then delivered locally by truck requires about 4 million joules per liter for transportation. For the spring water, the transportation energy equaled (in the case of Fiji) the energy required to produce the bottle.
With this data, the researchers hope that future studies will have the ability to make specific estimates for different situations, and possibly find ways to cut energy costs

1. 1.
   From the first Paragraph we can know that the energy required to ______
   1. A.
      produce bottled water includes the energy required to drink it
   2. B.
      distribute bottled water includes the energy for producing the bottles
   3. C.
      distribute bottled water is much smaller than the energy for treating it
   4. D.
      produce bottled water is much smaller than the energy for producing tap water
2. 2.
   To reduce the energy required to produce bottled water, some companies are trying ______
   1. A.
      to fill tap water into the plastic bottles directly
   2. B.
      to replace the plastic bottles with metal containers
   3. C.
      to produce lightweight bottles with recycled materials
   4. D.
      to use bicycles to transport and deliver bottled water locally
3. 3.
   What's Paragraph 4 mainly talking about?
   1. A.
      Treatment of bottled water needs no energy input at all
   2. B.
      Bottled water production is an energy­ intensive process
   3. C.
      Transportation of bottled water takes up the most energy input
   4. D.
      Production of the plastic bottles greatly dominated the energy input
4. 4.
   We can infer from the passage that ______
   1. A.
      there are two main kinds of bottled water in the US
   2. B.
      world consumption of bottled water has been increasing
   3. C.
      transportation costs have something to do with the mode of transport
   4. D.
      bottled water produced in Spring is more expensive than purified water
5. 5.
   What's the main purpose of the passage?
   1. A.
      To help consumers themselves make more environmentally sustainable choices
   2. B.
      To advise the government to take severe measures to stop producing bottled water
   3. C.
      To urge the consumers to drink tap water instead of bottled water for the sake of the earth
   4. D.
      To try the best to find ways to produce bottled water cheaply and quickly for the companies

Answer 1

BCCBA
试题分析：研究人员发现瓶装水所消耗的能量是自来水的2000倍，进一步研究发现处理水不需要什么能量，消耗的大量的能量都用在了装水和运水上，研究人员希望通过研究找出削尖能源消耗的方法，作者的目的是希望通过这篇文章引起大家对这件事的注意，自觉采取措施保护环境。
1.细节题;从第一段的句子：Combining all the energy input totals for treatment and distribution, researchers found that 可知瓶装水的消耗分两部分：处理和运送，选B
2.细节理解题：从第二段的句子Although some companies are experimenting with producing lightweight bottles or using recycled materials, 可知为了减少生产瓶装水需要的能源，很多公司使用回收材料做的轻的饮料瓶，选C
3.段落大意题：文章第三段对第四段的内容进行提示，第四段对比了几种水的运输能量，最后一句以泉水做例子，运送能量就等于生产能量，选C
4.推理判断题：最后一段表明研究人员希望进一步研究能找出削减能量的方法，由此可以判断，瓶装水本身就消耗能量，且由于消耗不断攀升，导致问题越来越严重，从而导致这个研究，根据第四段A和C是事实，D是错的，故选B
5.写作意图题：文章没有提到政府要停止生产瓶装水，也没有建议只喝自来水，更没有谈到是想帮助有些公司，最后一段提到研究的目的是找到消减能量的办法，选A
考点：考查环保类短文