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Way back in 1662,John Evelyn,a brilliant Englishman known for his detailed diaries,wrote about disastrous effects of coal-burning on the city of London .In it,he described an infernal scene of smog.air filled with “Columns and Clouds of Smoke’’given out by small industries and residences that burned coal for fuel.
I found the description in the 2003 book When Smoke Ran like Water,by epidemiologist(流行病学家)and environmental advocator(倡导者)Devra Davis.In it,Davis looks back at several historic pollution events and their disastrous effect on human human health-and at how these phenomena were often Ignored or even actively covered up by then people in charge at that time.
As Davis points out,John Evelyn was ahead of his time when writing about how London’s polluted air affected  the well-being of its residents.It wasn’t  until nearly 300 years later,after what became well-known as the Great Smog of 1952,that the government began to address the problem in a systematic way.
For four days.Between December 5th“and 9th“,due to all accident of the weather pattern,the city was buried in a heavy fog .People were still burning coal for fuel,and low-grade coal at that time, because 0f wartime condition.A temperature inversion(转向)trapped the smoke from the city’s fires, creating a black cloud in which people could barely find their way down the most familiar streets
Some tried to protect themselves,but most people simply went about their business. But l952’s fog was far worse than any other in memory.In the same week of the previous year, 1852 people had died in London;inl952,that number was 4703 And the deaths didn’t stop when the weather changed and the fog lifted.Davis and her colleagues analyzed data from the next several months and found that about 13000 more people died between December and March than one would have predicted from historical averages Many of them died of pneumonia(肺炎).The government,she writes.Tried to blame a bad flu season.Her detailed analysis found that explanation simply did
not pan out.
Davis writes that even today in this country ,we still have not completely absorbed the lessons of similar events.Sixty years the killer fog lifted in London,people are dying preventable deaths and suffering life.changing illnesses,simply because they must breathe the air of the cities where they live
小题1:The passage is written to     
A.warn people of the danger from air pollution
B.introduce London’s Great Smog of l952
C.blame the government for the smog
D.explain the reasons for air pollution
小题2:The underlined word‘‘infernal” in the first paragraph probably means“    ”
A.imaginaryB.adventurousC.unbelievableD.annoying
小题3:One of the reasons for the Great Smog of l952wasthat——
A.people burned wood for fuel
B.a forest fire created a black cloud over the city
C.the government ignored the smog
D.most people went abouttheirbusine00
小题4:How does the writer feel about the present air condition in London?
A. lndifferent   B Concerned    C.Hopeless.D. Panic

小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:B

试题分析:雾霾天气越来越严重的今天,在过去就已经出现了。早在上世纪就有学者指出工业化带来的空气污染的危害并著书说明。然而不幸的事还是发生了,最有代表性的就是1852年的伦敦毒烟雾事件。事实已经表明,治理空气污染已经刻不容缓。
小题1:主旨大意题。 全文讲了空气污染对人们生活健康的危害,并有事实事例和学者观点加以证明,所以是在警告我们空气污染的危害性。故选A。
小题2:词义猜测题 。结合上下文可知书中描述了一个充满烟雾的世界,然人觉得如地狱般。imaginary虚构的;adventurous 爱冒险的; unbelievable难以置信的;annoying恼人的,讨厌的。故选D。
小题3:细节理解题。由 “The government,she writes.Tried to blame a bad flu season.Her detailed analysis found that explanation simply did not pan out.”可知,政府讲责任推卸给糟糕的流感季节而没有深入研究原因导致了事件的一再延续。故选C。
小题4:细节理解题。由“Sixty years  the killer fog lifted in London,people are dying preventable deaths and suffering life.”可知,作者对于伦敦的空气质量现状是“关心的”indifferent 漠不关心的; Concerned 关切的;Hopeless充满希望的;Panic疼痛的 。故选B。
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In a small test, the laser technique correctly identified the origins of 95 out of every 100 diamonds. For gemstones like emeralds and rubies, the technique proved successful for 98 out of every 100 stones. The scientists need to collect and analyze more samples, including those from war-torn countries, before the tool is ready for commercial use.
Scientists like Barbara Dutrow, a mineralogist from Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, find the technique exciting. “This is a basic new tool that could provide a better fingerprint of a material from a particular locality,” she told Science News.
小题1:We learn from Paragraph 1 that __________________.
A.an emerald and a ruby are names of diamonds.
B.it’s not difficult to tell where the gem was mined.
C.appearances help to identify the origin of gemstones.
D.diamonds from different places may appear the same.
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A.To look for more gemstones.
B.To encourage violent civil wars.
C.To reduce the trade in blood minerals.
D.To develop the economy.
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A.Heat can turn ice into water or water into steam.
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D.It will bring about a revolutionary change in identifying the origin of minerals.
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D.to reduce traffic and pollution in the city
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The best children's books are        very difficult nor very simple, and satisfy both the     who hears the story and the adult who         it. Unfortunately, there are in fact       books like this,       the problem of finding the right bedtime story is not        to solve.
This may be why many of books regarded as        of children's literature were in fact written for      . “Alice's Adventure in Wonderland” is perhaps the most        of this.
Children, left for themselves, often      the worst possible interest in literature. Just  leave a child in bookshop or      and he will more  willingly choose the books    in an imaginative way, or have a look at most children's comics ( 连环画 ), full of the stories and jokes to which both teachers and right-thinking parents     .
Perhaps we parents should stop trying to persuade children into        our taste in literature. After all children and adults are so       that we parents should not expect that they will enjoy the      books. So I suppose we'll just have to compromise(妥协) over that bedtime story.
小题1:
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A.shortB.longC.badD.good
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A.easyB.shortC.highD.difficult
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A.bothB.neitherC.eitherD.very
小题6:
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小题7:
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A.fewB.manyC.littleD.much
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A.butB.howeverC.soD.because
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A.hardB.easyC.enoughD.fast
小题11:
A.articlesB.workC.artsD.works
小题12:
A.adultsB.girlsC.boysD.children
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A.difficultB.hiddenC.obviousD.easy
小题14:
A.areB.showC.findD.add
小题15:
A.libraryB.school C.homeD.office
小题16:
A.readB.designedC.printedD.written
小题17:
A.favor B.interestC.objectD.read
小题18:
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A.commonB.averageC.differentD.same

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