Question

【题目】William Herschel was born on November 15th, 1738 in Hanover in a family of musicians. In 1757,he fled to England and began earning a living as an organist and later composer and conductor. In 1772, he convinced his sister Caroline to join him as a singer. In their spare time the brother-sister team became occupied in astronomy. William died at his home in Slough, near Windsor on August 25th,1822,and Caroline on September 1st,1848.

Herschel’s first major discoveries were to show that Mars and Jupiter exhibit axial rotation(绕轴自转). Herschel struck fame in 1781,when on March 13th he discovered the planet Uranus(天王星) while engaged in work aimed at determining stellar parallax(恒星视差).This being the first new planet discovered since ancient times, Herschel, until then a mere amateur astronomer relatively unknown even in England, became world-famous. Adopting a historically proven strategy, Herschel named the new planet Georgium Sidum,in honor of the then ruling English king GeorgeⅢ. The trick worked once again, as King GeorgeⅢ gave William and Caroline the titles of“The King’s Astronomer”and“Assistant to the King’s Astronomer”, an honor which came with a life’s pension for both. In 1782 they moved to Bath, and shortly thereafter to Slough, and from this point on William and Caroline could devote themselves entirely to astronomy. The Herschels went on to discover two moons of Uranus in 1787.

While Caroline became increasingly occupied with the search for comets at which she was quite successful, William became for a time interested in the Sun. Inspired by Wilson’s 1774 work, he put forth the theory of sunspots(太阳黑子),an opinion that continued to exist well into the nineteenth century. In 1800,he became interested in the solar spectrum(太阳光谱),and uncovered the first evidence for solar energy output outside of the visible spectrum, in what is now known as the infrared(红外线).In 1801, he published two papers that effectively started the field of solar influences on Earth’s weather.

【1】Herschel made himself known to the world mainly by .

A.discovering the planet Uranus

B.determining stellar parallax

C.discovering two moons of Uranus

D.uncovering the evidence for the infrared

【2】It can be inferred from the passage that George Ⅲ .

A.liked science and technology

B.liked Herschel’s naming of the new planet

C.was interested in astronomy

D.gave Herschel a lot of useful suggestions

【3】What do we know about Caroline from the passage?

A.She was successful in music.

B.She was given the title of“The King’s Astronomer”.

C.She died later than her brother.

D.She published two papers.

【4】This passage mainly tells readers .

A.some information about Herschel and his sister

B.how Herschel and his sister discovered the planet Uranus

C.Herschel and Caroline got along well with each other

D.Herschel and Caroline’s major scientific publications

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】B

【3】C

【4】A

【解析】

本文主要介绍了William Herschel的生平。他从小喜欢音乐，并创建乐队，邀请他的妹妹参加。天文研究仅仅是他们的额业余爱好，天王星而世界闻名，并受到国王的接见。

【1】细节理解题。根据文章第二段的Herschel struck fame in 1781,when on March 13th he discovered the planet Uranus(天王星)可知Herschel 是因为自己发现天王星而闻名世界的，故A正确。

【2】推理判断题。根据文章第二段的Herschel named the new planet Georgium Sidum, in honor of the then ruling English king GeorgeⅢ. The trick worked once again, as King GeorgeⅢ gave William and Caroline the titles of“The King’s Astronomer”and“Assistant to the King’s Astronomer”, an honor which came with a life’s pension可知，赫歇尔为纪念当时执政的英国国王乔治三世命名了新的行星乔治姆·西德姆。这个伎俩又起作用了，乔治三世国王授予威廉和卡罗琳“国王的天文学家”和“国王的天文学家助手”的称号，这是伴随着终身退休金而来的荣誉。因此推断乔治三世国王喜欢赫歇尔对这颗新行星的命名。故B正确。

【3】推理判断题。根据第一段的In 1772, he convinced his sister Caroline to join him as a singer. In their spare time the brother-sister team became occupied in astronomy可知1772年，他说服他的妹妹卡罗琳加入他的歌手行列。在业余时间，兄妹队开始从事天文学工作。因此推断他们哥妹之间关系融洽，故C正确。

【4】主旨大意题。通读全文，本文主要介绍了William Herschel和他的妹妹进行的科学发现，故A正确。