About three hundred words in the English language come from the names of people. Many of these words are technical words. When there is a new invention of discovery, a new word may be coined(杜撰) after the inventor or scientist.
It is interesting to observe how many common words have found their way into the language from the names of people. Lord Sandwich, who lived from 1718-1792, used to sit at the gambling(赌博) table eating bread with meat in between. As the Lord was the only one among his friends who ate bread in that way, his friends began to call the bread “sandwich” for fun. Later on，the word became part of the English language.
The word “boycott” means to refuse to have anything to do with somebody or something. It comes from a man called Captain Boycott. He was a land agent in 1880 and he collected rents and taxes for an English landowner in Ireland. But the Captain was a very harsh(苛刻的) man. He treated his poor tenants (佃户) very badly. His tenants decided not to speak to him at all. Eventually word got back to the landowner and the Captain was removed（免除）. The word “boycott” became popular and was used by everyone to mean the kind of treatment that was received by Captain Boycott.
48. A few hundred ___________ come from the names of people.
A. new inventions B. languages
C. English words D. new discoveries
49. “Sandwich” is a word coined (杜撰) by ____________.
A. Lord Sandwich B. the friends of Lord Sandwich
C. inventors D. scientists
50. The tenants did not like ___________.
A. to collect rents and taxes B. the English landowner
C. the harsh land agent D. to speak
科目：高中英语 来源：广东省普宁一中2010届高一级学业水平考试试题（英语） 题型：填空题
第二节 信息匹配（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
请阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑
The following people are expressing their thoughts (56--60) to show their concern for food, environment and so on．After that are pieces of related information (A--F) ．Now decide which piece of information would be most suitable for the thought and idea mentioned in questions61---5 and mark your answer letter (A---F) on your answer sheet．There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.
56．How I was struck by the clear water and fresh air in my childhood! But everything has changed, that is, the clear water and fresh air are nowhere to be found again as they were． Above all, a great deal of waste hardly rots away.
57．More and more people are beginning to have a good knowledge of the importance of a safer and cleaner environment, which in turn forces the business to be cleaned up.
58．Organic products are getting more and more popular among people, but we should know the fact that organic products might also have something to do with pesticides.
59．I’m very much fond of growing some vegetables of my own in my small garden, for many vegetables on sale in markets are actually becoming more and more dangerous as a result of widespread pesticides.
60．Nowadays it is very convenient for consumers to find and buy green food in supermarkets as they are clearly marked.
| A．"Organic produce is always better, "Gold said．"The food is free of pesticides(农药) ,and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms．And more often than not it is locally grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty." Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business. |
| B．Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences - but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete．For example, small amounts of pesticides can be used on organic products．And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is not local but imported to meet growing demand．"The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year, so it is a very fast-growing market, "said Sue Flock, a specialist in this line of business. |
| C．Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted．Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment-friendly products have contributed to the pollution problem．One result is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to get rid of. |
| D．However, today, more and more consumers are choosing "green" and demanding that the products they buy should be safe for the environment．Before they buy a product, they ask questions like these: "Will this shampoo damage the environment?" "Can this metal container be reused or can it only be used once?" |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015届吉林省高一上学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：信息匹配
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Active listening is an essential skill in learning. It is when you listen carefully to make sure you understand and learn the information that is being conveyed. 1 Here are some things which can help you to listen actively.
◆ 2 . Don’t just write everything down. Listen carefully and make sure you understand what the purpose of this lecture is. As you take down notes, keep the main point in mind and make sure you understand how these notes are related.
◆Listen for an organizational structure. Listen carefully to figure out how the ideas are organized and they will make more sense.
◆Pay attention to organizational cues (暗示). 3 Pay close attention to the introduction, as it will probably show how you should organize your notes. If the lecture begins with, “Today I’m going to talk about three ethnic conflicts (种族冲突) in the Middle East,” then you have a good idea of what’s going to follow. Listen for “signpost” words to show a transition (过渡) from one point to the next, such as “next” and “finally” and numerical signposts like “first” or “third”.
◆Listen with your eyes. 4 Watch the teacher and be aware of how he or she uses hand gestures, eye contact and other body language to convey points.
◆Remove distractions. Put away the campus newspaper, your cell phone and anything else that might be more interesting than the lecturer.
Learning to concentrate and listen actively is an endurance（耐力） skill. 5
A．Speakers communicate information through nonverbal communication.
B．Unfortunately, many students don’t know how to listen actively when they attend classes.
C．If your teacher indicates that something is important, mark it.
D．Make yourself do it, and it will get easier over time.
E. Listen carefully for words and phrases that reflect the organizational structure of the lecture.
F. Your teachers’ notes are probably organized into some kind of outline.
G. Listen for the main point and major sub-points.
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科目：高中英语 来源：河北省0910学年高一年级下学期期末考试试卷（英语） 题型：阅读理解
I found a website that has changed my life. The website is wishuponahero.com and it is all about people helping others, not expecting anything in return.
I am a single mom with a son. My son’s 12th birthday was on October 29th, 2007. Knowing that I didn’t have money to buy him a birthday gift had broken my heart. So, I decided to post a wish on wishuponahero.com for people to send my son birthday cards.
Many cards just started coming in and my little son was very excited and this went on for about three weeks. The smile on his face and the sparkle (闪光) in his eyes brought me to tears.
Then, at the end of November, he started thinking about Christmas and he already knew that there would not be a tree for him because we didn’t have enough money. However it didn’t matter to him. All he talked about was how much he wanted to make other children smile. So he decided to earn money to buy Christmas cards and send them to other children from poor families. My son went out daily and raked leaves and walked some dogs to make money. Not only did he buy cards, but he also made enough money to buy all the stamps and lollipops to send with the cards. He sent out about 100 cards. Doing this brought him the same smile and sparkle in his eyes as the birthday cards that he received did.
60. The single mother posted a wish on wishuponahero.com because ______.
A. she wanted to send her son a card on the website
B. she liked the website very much
C. she was too poor to buy her son a birthday present
D. she thought her son would like the website very much
61. What did the son do for other poor children on Christmas?
A. He sent them his own Christmas tree.
B. He earned money to send them cards with candy.
C. He raked leaves and walked dogs for them.
D. He made some lollipops to make them smile.
62. Why was there sparkle in the son’s eyes at the end of the story?
A. He thought of his birthday cards and other good people.
B. He earned a lot of money by himself.
C. He thought of what his mother had done for him.
D. He was glad and excited to help other poor children.
63. What can we conclude from the story?
A. Surfing the Internet is of great use.
B. One should take care of his or her children.
C. People can ask for help from wishuponahero.com.
D. Learning to give makes one’s life more meaningful.
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科目：高中英语 来源：外研版新课标2009-2010学年高二下学期单元测试（三）英语试题 题型：阅读理解
It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.
Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate (精确) as a description of the eager and happy cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gestures and by making questioning noises.
Any attempt to trace (探察) the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out to show joy, sadness, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds. This self-imitation (自我模仿) leads on to imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as a speech.
1．The third paragraph is mainly about ____
A．the development of babies’ early forms of language
B．the difficulties of babies in learning to speak
C．babies’ strong desire to communicate
D．babies’ intention to communicate
2．The author’s purpose in writing the second paragraph is to show that children ____.
A．usually obey without asking questions
B．are not active in the process of learning to speak
C．are born cooperative
D．learn to speak by listening
3．From the passage we learn that ____.
A．early starters can learn to speak within only six months
B．children show a strong desire to communicate by making noises
C．imitation plays an important role in learning to speak
D．children have various difficulties in learning to speak
4．The best title for this passage would be ____.
A．How Babies Learn to Speak B．Early Forms of Language
C．A Huge Task for Children D．Noise Making and Language Learning
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科目：高中英语 来源：2010-2011学年山东省高三上学期第三次质量检测英语卷 题型：阅读理解
Drunken driving –sometimes called America’s socially accepted form of murder—has become a national epidemic (流行病). Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers, adding up to an incredible 250,000 over the past ten years. A drunken driver is usually referred to as one with 0.10-blood alcohol content or roughly three beer glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American manly image and judges were lenient in most courts, but the drunken killing has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially concerning young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant.
Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18-20 years old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21.
Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop “responsible attitudes” about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink.
Though new laws have led to increased arrests and tests in many areas already, to a marked drop in accidents, some states are also punishing bars for serving customers too many drinks. A bar in Massachusetts was fined for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who was “obviously drunk” and later drove off the road, killing a 9-year-old boy.
As the accidents continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919, which President Hoover called the “noble experiment”. They forgot that legal prohibition didn’t stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption and organized crime. As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution.
1. From paragraph one, we can know that ____________.
A. most Americans like drinking
B. heavy drinking is hard to avoid
C. many Americans are killed by drunk drivers
D. Americans are not shocked by traffic accidents
2.What can be inferred from the fact of the traffic accidents in New Jersey?
A. The legal drinking age should be raised.
B. Young drivers were usually bad.
C. Most drivers hoped to raise the legal drinking age.
D. Drivers should not be allowed to drink.
3.The underlined word “lenient” in the first paragraph means “_________”.
A. serious B. cruel C. merciful D. determined
4.In America, public opinion about drunken driving has changed because __________.
A. judges are no longer lenient
B. new laws are introduced in some states
C. the problem has attracted public attention
D. drivers do not appreciate their manly image
5.Which of the following best shows the writer’s opinion of drunken driving?
A. It may lead to organized crime.
B. It is difficult to solve this problem.
C. The new laws can stop heavy drinking.
D. There should be no bars to serve drinks.
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