Question

1．下面短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处．错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．
    增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词．
    删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．
    修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
    注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
    2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．
One day，I was cooking in the kitchen when the telephone rings．I went to answer them immediately．It was from the one of my close friends，Lisa．When we were talked on the phone，the fire alarm sounded．I ran back to the kitchen，．The room was full of smoke but the beef was badly burnt．I quickly turned off the gas，opening all the windows，and then went out the house．To my surprise，two fire engine were outside my house．I was rather worried．I told the firemen it was my careless cooking which caused the heavy smoke and that I would be carefully later．

Answer 1

分析 一天，我在厨房做饭时，电话响了，我便立刻去接电话，是我的一位朋友Lisa打来的．当我们在电话里正说着话的时候，火警报警器响了．我跑回到厨房，发现满屋子都是烟，牛肉也被严重烧焦了．我迅速关掉燃气，打开所有窗户，然后从屋子里出去．令我吃惊地是，有两辆消防车停在了我家的外面．我心里很着急，告诉消防员是我做饭时粗心引起的浓烟，今后我会小心的．

解答 One day，I was cooking in the kitchen when the telephone rings．
                                                                                      rang   
I went to answer them immediately．It was from the one of my
                          it                                           去掉the  
close friends，Lisa．When we weretalkedon the phone，
                                                     talking
the fire alarm sounded．I ran back to the kitchen．
The room was full of smokebutthe beef was badly burnt．
                                        and
I quickly turned off the gas，opening all the windows，
                                            opened 
and then went out∧the house．To my surprise，
                         of
two fire enginewere outside my house．I was rather worried．
             engines
I told the firemen it was my careless cooking which caused 
                                                                  that  
the heavy smoke and that I would be carefully later．
                                                        careful 
1．将rings改为rang    考查时态     由于这里讲述的在过去的某一天发生的事情，故此处应使用一般过去时rang
2．将them改为it    考查人称代词   根据上文"电话铃响了"可知，此处的意思应是：我立即去接电话；故将them改为it 来代指电话  
3．去掉the   考查冠词的用法    根据句意可知，此处的one of 指的是"…中之一"，并不表示特指；故去掉定冠词the  
4．将talked改为talking   考查时态   根据句意"当我们在电话里正说着话的时候，火警报警器响了．"并结合上文可知，此处指的是那天正打电话时发生的事，应使用过去进行时；主语we与动词talk是主谓关系，不应使用被动语态；故将talked改为talking  
5．将but改为and     考查连词的用法     由于"The room was full of smoke满屋子都是烟"与"the beef was badly burnt牛肉被严重烧焦"之间是并列关系，并非转折关系；故将but改为and    
6．将opening改为opened      考查谓语动词的用法     根据句意可知，本句讲的是当时一连串的动作：迅速关掉燃气，打开所有窗户，然后从屋子里出去；此处在句中作并列谓语，而不是状语；故用过去式即将opening改为opened     
7．在out之后加of    考查固定短语          固定短语go out of"从…出去"；此处的意思是"从屋子里出去"；故在out之后加of    
8．将engine改为engines     考查名词的单复数   根据该句前面的two可知，此处指的是两辆消防车，engine为可数名词；故将engine改为engines    
9．将which改为that     考查强调句    根据句意可知，本句是强调句"It+be+强调部分+that/who…"，强调部分是"my careless cooking"表示行为，并非强调人；故用that
10．将carefully改为careful     考查形容词的用法     此处用来描述主语I的情况，故用形容词careful

点评 短文改错是集语法知识与语言技能为一体的综合性试题，主要考查学生对词汇、语法和语篇三要素的把握能力．错误类型一般有：缺词、多词和错词．常见的错误有：1 词法错误，主要包括动词、名词、冠词、形容词、副词、代词和介词等词类误用、同义词混淆使用、固定搭配等方面．解答此类试题时，需要正确分析句子成分，熟练掌握各词类的用法以及掌握一些固定搭配等．2 常见句法错误．通常表现为简单句、复合句以及疑问句、祈使句、感叹句和强调句等错误．解答此类试题时，需要掌握各类句子的句式结构及意义用法．3 应在理解文章大意的前提下，进行作答．