4.There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence.The first is the sort of brain he is born with.Human brains differ considerably,some being more capable than others.But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with,an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn.So the second factor is what happens to the individual-the sort of environment in which he is reared.If an individual is handicapped environmentally,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins,Peter and Mark X.Being identical,the twins had identical brains at birth,and their growth processes were the same.When the twins were three months old,their parents died,and they were placed in separate foster homes.Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities.Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college.He was read to as a child,sent to good schools,and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens,when they were given tests to measure their intelligence.Mark's I.Q.was 125,twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother.Given equal opportunities,the twins,having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.
30.A person's intelligenceD
A.stays unchanged in a certain environment.
B.develops with the change of environment
C is born at the same level as anyone else's.
D.is affected by the environment as well as the sort of brain he is born with
31.What is meant by"he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable."?B
A He will never fail to develop his intelligence
B.He won't become so intelligent as he should
C.He is able to reach a high level of intelligence
D.It is impossible for him to develop intelligence
32.Which of the following statements is true concerning the twins?D
A.The sorts of brain they are born with differ greatly
B.They set up an example for studying the environment
C.They became orphans once they were born
D.They were adopted boys
33.According to the text,the environment in which the twins were reared differs in the following aspects exceptC.
A.intelligence level of the parents.
B.family economic status.
C.the age of their parents.
D.community surroundings.
分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了智力和环境的关系.同样智力水平的人,环境和教育不一样,智商也会有很大不同.
解答 30.D.细节理解题.根据第一段The first is the sort of brain he is born with,So the second factor is what happens to the individual-the sort of environment in which he is reared可知一个人的智力是受环境的影响以及他与生俱来的大脑排序;故选D.
31.B.句意理解题.根据第一段If an individual is handicapped environmentally,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable可知如果一个人受到环境,很有可能他的大脑将无法发展,他永远不会达到的智力水平他能;故选B.
32.D.细节理解题.根据第二段Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities.Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college可知双胞胎他们被收养了;故选D.
33.C.细节理解题.根据文章可知这对双胞胎在父母的智力水平,自己的经济状况和社区环境方面有差别;故选C.
点评 这篇文章讲的是智力和环境的关系.同样智力水平的人,环境和教育不一样,智商也会有很大不同.做阅读理解题首先要明确文章的中心意思,只有明确了中心意思,那么做阅读理解的试题才能做到游刃有余.阅读理解的主旨大意题其实主要考查考生把握全文内容或理解文章中心思想的能力以及分析归纳文章段落大意、重要情节、人物特征和写作特点等方面的能力.