Question

【题目】请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。

On Knowing the Difference

It is as though we can know nothing of a thing until we know its name. Can we be said to know what a pigeon is unless we know that it is a pigeon? We may have seen it again and again, and noted it as a bird with a full bosom and swift wings. But if we are not able to name it except vaguely as a “bird”, we seem to be separated from it by a vast distance of ignorance. Learn that it is a pigeon however, and immediately it rushes towards us across the distance, like something seen through a telescope. No doubt to the pigeon fancier (爱好者) this would seem but the most basic knowledge, and he would not think much of our acquaintance with pigeons if we could not tell a carrier from a pouter. That is the charm (魅力) of knowledge—it is merely a door into another sort of ignorance.

There are always new differences to be discovered, new names to be learned, new individualities to be known, new classifications to be made. No man with a grain of either poetry or the scientific spirit in him has any right to be bored with the world, though he lived for a thousand years.

There is scarcely a subject that does not contain sufficient differences to keep an explorer happy for a lifetime. It is said that thirteen thousand species of butterflies have already been discovered, and it is suggested that there may be nearly twice as many that have so far escaped the naturalists Many men give all the pleasant hours of their lives to learning how to know the difference between one kind of moth (蛾) and another. One used to see these moth-hunters on windless nights chasing their quarry fantastically with nets in the light of lamps. In chasing moths, they chase knowledge. This, they feel, is life at its most exciting, its most intense.

The townsman passing a field of sheep finds it difficult to believe that the shepherd can distinguish between one and another of them with as much certainty as if they were his children. And do not most of us think of foreigners as beings who are all turned out as if on a pattern, like sheep?

Thus our first generalizations spring from ignorance rather than from knowledge. They are true, as long as we know that they are not entirely true. As soon as we begin to accept them as absolute truths, they become lies. I do not wish to deny the importance of generalizations. It is not possible to think or even to act without them. The generalization that is founded on a knowledge of and a delight in the variety of things is the end of all science and poetry.

Title: On Knowing the Difference
Passage outline	Supporting details
The 【1】 of a name in knowing a thing	● Not knowing its name, you will feel distantly 【2】 from a thing however many times you’ve seen it. ● A thing will become magically close and 【3】 to you the moment you are able to name it. ● The charm of knowledge 【4】 in that its boundaries can be always pushed back.
A world full of differences	● As there’s always something new remaining to be 【5】, one is not supposed to Suffer any boredom with the world in his lifetime. ● One subject alone contains so many 【6】 that anyone interested may have to devote his 【7】 to learning them. ● By chasing knowledge, people will experience the greatest 【8】 and intensity that life can offer.
True but never entirely true generalizations	● The way the townsman look at sheep and we look at foreigners illustrates that our first generalizations are made out of 【9】 of knowledge. ● Important as generalizations are in our thinking and acting, they will become lies once we regard them as absolute 【10】. ● Coming to know the variety of things with delight is the final generalization all science and poetry aim to make.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】importance/significance

【2】separated

【3】clear

【4】lies/consists

【5】explored/ discovered

【6】differences

【7】life/lifetime

【8】excitement

【9】lack

【10】truth(s)

【解析】

这篇一篇说明文。短文主要讲了名字对了解一件事的重要性，世界一个充满差异的世界，人们是从无知来了解这个世界的。

【1】

考查理解概括题。结合第一段内容，事物的名字可以让我们更清晰地认识事物，也就是命名的重要性，故填importance/significance。

【2】

考查原词重现。第一段第三行...we seem to be separated from it by a vast distance of ignorance.不知道具体命名，人们就对事物没有清晰认知，和其本质有距离感，故填separated。

【3】

考查理解概括题。第一段第四行...it rushes towards us across the distance，like something seen

through a telescope.有了名字，人们看待事物就如同从望远镜中看见，又靠近又清晰，故填

clear.

【4】

考查理解概括题。第一段最后一句That is the charm of knowledge--it is merely a door into another sort of ignorance.知识的魅力在于它就像一扇通往另一种“无知”的门，lie/consist in 有在于的意思,故填 lies/consists。

【5】

考查原词重现。第二段第一句There are always new differences to be discovered..总有新的事物等待发现，故填explored/discovered。

【6】

考查原词重现。第三段第一句There is scarcely a subject that does not contain sufficient differences to keep an explorer happy for a life time.很少有一个主题是不包含大量的不同的，双重否定表肯定，换言之都包含很多不同，故填differences。

【7】

考查理解概括题。定位句同上题，研究者要贡献自己一生的时间，故填life/lifetime。

【8】

考查原词重现。第三段最后一句...is life at its most exciting,its most intense.追逐知识可以使得人们体会到生命最兴奋最充实的感受，结合题干形容词转名词，故填excitement。

【9】

考查理解概括题。第五段第一句...first generalization spring from ignorance rather than from knowledge.这一代是从无知而长大，而不是在知识的熏陶下长大，也就是缺少知识，lack of表示缺乏，故填lack。

【10】

考查原词重现。第五段第二行 As soon as we begin to accept them as absolute truths, they become lies.当我们认定一个事物是绝对真理的时候，那它就变成了谎言，故填truth(s)。