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    10．In its early history，Chicago had floods frequently，especially in the spring，making the streets so muddy that people，horses，and carts got stuck．An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this：A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street．Asked if he needs help，he replies，"No，thanks．I've got a good horse under me．"
    The city planner decided to build an underground drainage （排水） system，but there simply wasn't enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level．The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city．
    An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt．This raised the level of the city's streets by as much as 12feet．
    This of course created a new problem：dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago．Building owners were faced with a choice：either change the first floors of their buildings into basements，and the second stories into main floors，or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level．Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily．But what about large，heavy structures like Tremont Hotel，which was a six-story brick building？
    That's where George Pullman came in．He had developed some house-moving skills successfully．To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel，Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews （螺旋千斤顶） beneath the building's foundation．One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10jackscrews．At Pullman's signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time，thereby raising the building slowly and evenly．Astonishingly，the Tremont Hotel stay open during the entire operation，and many of its guests didn't even notice anything was happening．Some people like to say that every problem has a solution．But in Chicago's early history，every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem．Now that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River，the city's next step was to clean the polluted river．
    51．The author mentions the joke to showB．
    A．horses were fairly useful in Chicago
    B．Chicago's streets were extremely muddy
    C．Chicago was very dangerous in the spring
    D．the Chicago people were particularly humorous
    52．The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough toD．
    A．get rid of the street dirt
    B．lower the Chicago River
    C．fight against heavy floods
    D．build the pipes above ground
    53．The underlined word"hoist"in Paragraph 4means"B"．
    A．change
    B．lift
    C．repair
    D．decorate
    54．What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel？A
    A．It went on smoothly as intended．
    B．It interrupted the business of the hotel．
    C．It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews．
    D．It separated the building from its foundation．
    55．The passage is mainly about the early Chicago'sC．
    A．popular life styles and their influences
    B．environmental disasters and their causes
    C．engineering problems and their solutions
    D．successful businessmen and their achievements．

    分析 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了芝加哥城的问题和改造方案，他们因为洪水的经常泛滥导致大街上总是泥泞不堪，但也已经出台了各种应对政策．

    解答 51．B 细节理解题 作者提到的这个笑话表明：A 在芝加哥，马非常有用．B 芝加哥的街道相当的泥泞．C 在春天，芝加哥很危险．D 芝加哥的人们尤其的幽默．根据第一段的第一句话  In its early history，Chicago…and carts got stuck．（尤其是在春天，芝加哥经常发生洪水，街道变得如此的泥泞不堪以致于人们，马和车经常被困住．所以作者提到的笑话是为了突出这一点即道路的泥泞．） 故选B．
    52．D 细节理解题 城市规划者被埃利斯切斯布罗说服去做：A 去掉街上的沙土．B 降低芝加哥河的水位．C．与洪水作斗争．D在地面上建管道．根据第三段的第一句话An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced…then cover them with dirt．（一个叫埃利斯切斯布罗的工程师说服我该城市除了将管道建在地面上，然后用泥土覆盖上之外别无选择）可知，埃利斯切斯布罗的工程师认为应该在地上埋下排水管道．故选D．
    53．B 词意猜测题  第四段划线单词的意思：A 改变 B 举起，抬起，提升C 修理 D 点缀 根据后文Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily．（小的木结构的建筑会相当容易地举起来．）可知另一种方法就是将建筑升高．故选B．
    54．A 推理判断题  关于特里蒙特饭店的搬迁，我们可以推断出 A进展的如料想的那样顺利．B它中断了酒店的生意．C它涉及到普尔曼要用到10个 螺旋千斤顶． D它使地基与建筑物相分离．根据最后一段的第三句At Pullman's signal…slowly and evenly．（在铂尔曼的指导下，每个人同时抬起同样数量的螺旋千斤顶，从而缓慢、慢慢地抬起建筑物．）可知A正确，故选A．
    55．C 主旨大意题   该段落主要是关于：A流行的生活方式和影响 B 环境灾害与原因 C工程问题及其解决方法 D成功的商人他们的成就 本题为总结概括全文的主旨大意题，第一段提到芝加哥城所存在的问题，接下来讨论了解决这个问题的一些方法，最后一段讲到虽然解决了当前的问题，但随之而来又会产生一些新的有待解决的问题．故文章大致上讲述的是建造的问题与解决的办法．故选C．

    点评 阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．

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