It turns out that nodding off in class may not be such a bad idea after all, as a new study has shown that going to sleep shortly after learning new material is the best way to remember it.
According to the leader of the study, Jessica Payne, a psychologist at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, nodding off after learning something new is like “telling” the sleeping brain what to keep.
Along with her colleagues, she studied 207 students who habitually slept for at least six hours per night. Participants were assigned without any regular pattern to study declarative (陈述性的), semantically (语义上) related or unrelated word pairs at 9 a.m. or 9 p.m., and returned for testing 30 minutes, 12 hours or 24 hours later.
Declarative memory refers to the ability to consciously remember facts and events, and can be broken down into memory for events and memory for facts about the world. People use both types of memory every day --- recalling where we parked today or learning how a colleague prefers to be addressed.
At the 12-hour retest, memory overall was better following a night of sleep compared to a day of wakefulness.At the 24-hour retest, with all participants having received both a full night of sleep and a full day of wakefulness, participants’ memories were better when sleep occurred shortly after learning, rather than following a full day of wakefulness.
“Our study confirms that sleeping directly after learning something new is beneficial for memory. What's new about this study is that we tried to shine light on sleep's influence on both types of declarative memory by studying semantically unrelated and related word pairs,” Payne said.
“Since we found that sleeping soon after learning benefited both types of memory, this means that it would be a good thing to go over any information you need to remember just before going to bed. In some sense, you may be “telling” the sleeping brain what to consolidate (巩固).”
68. What can we learn about the study from the text?
A. It was lead by an Indian psychologist in the USA.
B. It was done by Jessica Payne and her colleagues.
C. More than three hundred students took part in it.
D. Participants were divided into groups according to a special pattern.
69. According to the text, declarative memory ______.
A. can be divided into two types
B. is rarely used in our daily life
C. is unconscious but very useful
D. may influence our sleep quality
70. What does the study want to show us?
A. Why many students can’t stop themselves nodding off in class.
B. How to remember information correctly.
C. Sleeping directly after learning is good for our memory.
D. We can still remember some information when we are sleeping.
科目:高中英语 来源:浙江省桐乡市高级中学2012届高三10月月考英语试题 题型:050
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科目:高中英语 来源:2012届江苏省盐城市田家炳中学高三上学期期中考试英语卷 题型:阅读理解
Two years ago, the Funk family of suburban Chicago adopted a Chinese baby girl who had been abandoned on a sidewalk near a Yangzhou textile factory.
Last year and halfway across the United States, the Ramirez family of suburban Miami adopted a girl who had been abandoned a week later on the same spot.
Both families named their daughters Mia. It turns out, a first name and Chinese heritage aren’t the only things the three-year-olds have in common. The girls’ mothers—Holly Funk and Diana Ramirez—met on a website for parents who had gone through international adoptions. After a flurry of e-mails comparing photographs and biographical details, DNA testing proved the families’ suspicions: The girls are probably fraternal (手足般的) twins.
“I was in shock,” said Ramirez, who lives with her husband Carlos in Pembroke Pines, Florida. “Well, now this is for real.”
The Internet and Web groups revolving around international orphanages are increasingly being used to link adopted children with biological kin(亲属). The site that the Funks and Ramirezes used has a membership of 137 people, with 15 sets of twins and seven sets of siblings whose relationships have been confirmed.
At a reunion on Friday at Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport, Mia Diamond Funk Mia Hanying Ramirez shyly surveyed each other, then reached for each other’s hand.
DNA tests established an 85 percent probability that the girls are at least half sisters. Scientists did not have a biological parent to test and reach a greater certainty, but given their ages and physical similarities, experts say it is likely they are fraternal twins.
Douglas and Holly Funk hope to take Mia to Miami in October. Both sets of parents say they are committed to staying in touch and often let the twins talk to each other on the phone.
【小题1】. Both the adopted girls shared a first name ________.
A.because they both came from China |
B.because of their physical similarities |
C.because their US parents suspected they were twins |
D.for no good reason |
A.To compare photographs of the two girls. |
B.To communicate with other people who had adopted children abroad. |
C.To test their suspicion. |
D.To exchange experiences on adopting children. |
A.DNA tests are still not accurate enough |
B.the two girls were born by different parents |
C.the DNA of a biological parent is still missing |
D.one girl is born a week later than the other |
A.Adopted Twins Reunited on Internet |
B.Adopted Twins Live happily in the US. |
C.Suspicion Turned into Reality |
D.The Story of Adopted Twins and Their Parents |
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科目:高中英语 来源:2011-2012学年江苏省盐城市高三上学期期中考试英语题 题型:阅读理解
Two years ago, the Funk family of suburban Chicago adopted a Chinese baby girl who had been abandoned on a sidewalk near a Yangzhou textile factory.
Last year and halfway across the United States, the Ramirez family of suburban Miami adopted a girl who had been abandoned a week later on the same spot.
Both families named their daughters Mia. It turns out, a first name and Chinese heritage aren’t the only things the three-year-olds have in common. The girls’ mothers—Holly Funk and Diana Ramirez—met on a website for parents who had gone through international adoptions. After a flurry of e-mails comparing photographs and biographical details, DNA testing proved the families’ suspicions: The girls are probably fraternal (手足般的) twins.
“I was in shock,” said Ramirez, who lives with her husband Carlos in Pembroke Pines, Florida. “Well, now this is for real.”
The Internet and Web groups revolving around international orphanages are increasingly being used to link adopted children with biological kin(亲属). The site that the Funks and Ramirezes used has a membership of 137 people, with 15 sets of twins and seven sets of siblings whose relationships have been confirmed.
At a reunion on Friday at Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport, Mia Diamond Funk Mia Hanying Ramirez shyly surveyed each other, then reached for each other’s hand.
DNA tests established an 85 percent probability that the girls are at least half sisters. Scientists did not have a biological parent to test and reach a greater certainty, but given their ages and physical similarities, experts say it is likely they are fraternal twins.
Douglas and Holly Funk hope to take Mia to Miami in October. Both sets of parents say they are committed to staying in touch and often let the twins talk to each other on the phone.
1.. Both the adopted girls shared a first name ________.
A. because they both came from China
B. because of their physical similarities
C. because their US parents suspected they were twins
D. for no good reason
2. Why did the girls’ mothers meet on the Internet?
A. To compare photographs of the two girls.
B. To communicate with other people who had adopted children abroad.
C. To test their suspicion.
D. To exchange experiences on adopting children.
3.Experts are still not 100 percent sure that the two girls are fraternal twins because ________.
A. DNA tests are still not accurate enough
B. the two girls were born by different parents
C. the DNA of a biological parent is still missing
D. one girl is born a week later than the other
4.What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Adopted Twins Reunited on Internet
B. Adopted Twins Live happily in the US.
C. Suspicion Turned into Reality
D. The Story of Adopted Twins and Their Parents
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科目:高中英语 来源: 题型:阅读理解
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科目:高中英语 来源: 题型:
New studies show how food and its production affect the globe and its climate. The process of making a hamburger, for example, requires loss of energy. A cow has to be fed and raised on farmland. And cow waste is a major source of methane(沼气)— 1 especially powerful greenhouse gas. The cow has to be killed. The meat has to be processed and shipped, 2 takes fuel. Most of the cow won’t even be used for meat people eat. By the time a hamburger finally lands o a dinner plate, 3 has made bad effect on the environment.
We can reduce the production of global warming gases by eating less beef. Other kinds of meat like pork and chicken do 4 harm to the environment ―at least 5 terms of the amount of greenhouse gases released. 6 , all kinds of meat are harder on the planet that vegetables. 7 changing our diet to less meat and more vegetables, as it turns 8 , may do the world some good.
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