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    9．Years ago，I was watching a detective show on TV where the fingerprints of a criminal are required．The hero invites the bad guy to his home and offers him a glass of water．The man takes the glass and drinks the water．After he leaves the hero dramatically brings out a handkerchief and picks up the glass．His expressions show the satisfaction at a job well done．The bad guy will soon be arrested．
    At that time，I found it amazing-how can prints on a glass identify people？My dad explained that if you were to press your thumb on an inkpad and then on a sheet of white paper you will leave a smudge or print，which no one else in the world can make．The same would be true for each of your fingers．The Chinese were the first to use a fingerprint as a type of identification-it was used as a signature on important documents，although they had no way of independently matching it with the owner．
    Each print is one-of-a-kind and no two people have the same characteristic．Scientists and criminologists （those who study criminal characteristics） determine the differences between fingerprints by a careful study of their curves and not by their general shape or pattern．
    In 1892，an English scientist，Sir Francis Galton，published a book on using fingerprints to solve crimes．At the same time in Argentina，a police researcher Juan Vucetich was also working towards a fingerprint classification system．However，it was in 1896that Sir Edward Henry，then serving as Inspector General of Police in India，developed the print classification system that would eventually be used globally．
    Sir Edward Henry and his assistant Khan Haque discovered that all fingerprints could be systematically classified according to their general curve patterns．He divided them into three classes on the basis of their general pattern：loops （箕形纹），whorls （斗形纹），and arches （弓形纹）．By counting the curve between any two points in the pattern，each of the ten fingers could be classified into a particular group．Taking the group together as a unit you have a complete system of classifying fingerprints．
    In June 1897，the world's first fingerprint bureau was set up in Calcutta and in 1901，Sir Edward Henry was appointed head of Scotland Yard in London，where he applied the system．This system，called the science of fingerprint identification，is still used by police departments all over the world today with few changes．

    36．The purpose of the first paragraph is to showD．
    A．how a person's fingerprints are taken
    B．how satisfied the hero was with his work
    C．how careful detectives should be when working
    D．how fingerprints are commonly used to solve crimes
    37．Fingerprints were first used in China toA．
    A．sign documents               B．capture criminals
    C．show respect                 D．prove identity
    38．In which country was today's fingerprint classification system developed？D
    A．China         B．Scotland         C．Argentina        D．India
    39．Which of the following is true according to the passage？B
    A．The fingerprint classification system has experienced great changes．
    B．For more than a century，fingerprints have been applied to crime solving．
    C．Henry's fingerprint classification system was immediately accepted internationally．
    D．By comparing the general shape of two fingerprints，one can easily tell their difference．
    40．What is the best title for this passage？C
    A．Detectives and Criminals
    B．Scientists and Criminologists
    C．Fingerprints and Crime Solving
    D．Researchers and Fingerprint Patterns．

    分析 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了指纹技术的发展，随着对指纹了解的深入，各国建立了指纹分类系统，指纹技术也被用于破案．

    解答 36．D．细节理解题．根据文章第一段"After he leaves the hero dramatically brings out a handkerchief and picks up the glass"可知第一段的目的是为了展示指纹通常是如何解决犯罪问题的；故选D．
    37．A．细节理解题．根据文章第二段"Chinese were the first to use a fingerprint as a type of identification-it was used as a signature on important documents"可知中国人首先用指纹来签署文件；故选A．
    38．D．细节理解题．根据文章第四段"then serving as Inspector General of Police in India，developed the print classification system that would eventually be used globally"可知分类系统是在印度发展的；故选D．
    39．B．推理判断题．根据文章第一段"Years ago，I was watching a detective show on TV where the fingerprints of a criminal are required"可知一个多世纪以来，指纹已被应用于破案；故选B．
    40．C．主旨大意题．通读全文二，可知文章主要讲了指纹技术的发展，随着对指纹了解的深入，各国建立了指纹分类系统，指纹技术也被用于破案；因此最佳标题为指纹与犯罪解决；故选C．

    点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

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    B．show his concern about children's lack of experience in nature
    C．encourage children to protect parks from encroachment
    D．inspire children to keep the sense of wonder about things around．

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