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Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.

The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind is situation, for example, family problem, the death of loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most serious. Unlike the second type, chronic (the opposite of “temporary”) usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. However, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.

Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person’s social contacts, for example, friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity.

Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease, while temporary and situational loneliness can be a sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.

1. How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage? ________.

A. Just ignore it

B. Talk to friends

C. Go to see a doctor

D. Ask your teachers for guidance

2.Why do psychologists want to help chronically lonely people? ________

A. Chronic loneliness can cause family problems.

B. Chronic loneliness can not be overcome.

C. Chronic loneliness can cause serious illness.

D. Chronic loneliness is incurable.

3.Loneliness is divided according to _____.

A. different seasons when it appears

B. different people it happens to

C. the time it lasts

D. the places where it appears

4.What is the best title for the passage? ________

A. Loneliness and diseases

B. Three kinds of loneliness

C. Loneliness and social contacts

D. Chronic loneliness

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Have you ever been so absorbed in a conversation at a party that you failed to notice that someone new is standing only six inches away from you, trying to get your attention? It’s possible that you were so distracted that you didn’t notice someone approaching you. But it’s also entirely likely that you were experiencing change blindness.

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Change blindness is a surprising perceptual phenomenon that occurs when a person recognizes minor changes in scenes while large changes go 2. .

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Research in the 1990s

●In Simons’ study, participants were asked to pay special attention to the 5. basketball, during which time a man wearing a gorilla suit unexpectedly walked through the scene.

●Contrary to popular belief, with their attention fixed on the basketball, many participants reported that the “gorilla” 6. their notice.

●It is concluded that participants fail to recognize something big but unrelated to the objective when their brains are programmed to consider some task as a top 7. .

8. of change blindness

●The brain makes 9. about what to be dealt with because of its limited capacity.

●Although attention is closely10. to change blindness, age and health are other factors that play a role.

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