Computers have beaten human world champions at chess and, earlier this year, the board game Go. So far, though, they have struggled at the card table. So we challenged one AI to a game.
Why is poker(扑克) so difficult? Chess and Go are “information complete” games where all players can see all the relevant information. In poker, other players’ cards are hidden, making it an “information incomplete” game. Players have to guess opponents’ hands from their actions—tricky for computers. Poker has become a new benchmark for AI research. Solving poker could lead to many breakthroughs, from cyber security to driverless cars.
Scientists believe it is only a matter of time before AI once again vanquishes humans, hence our human-machine match comes up in a game of Texas Hold’s Em Limit Poker. The AI was developed by Johannes Heinrich, researcher studying machine learning at UCL. It combines two techniques: neural(神经的) networks and reinforcement learning(强化学习).
Neural networks, to some degree, copy the structure of human brains: their processors are highly interconnected and work at the same time to solve problems. They are good at spotting patterns in huge amounts of data. Reinforcement learning is when a machine, given a task, carries it out, learning from mistakes it makes. In this case, it means playing poker against itself billions of times to get better.
Mr Heinrich told Sky News: “Today we are presenting a new procedure that has learned in a different way, more similar to how humans learn. In particular, it is able to learn abstract patterns, represented by its neural network, which allow it to deal with new and unseen situations.”
After two hours of quite defensive play, from the computer at least, we called it a draw.
1.Why can’t the computer beat humans at the poker game?
A. Because humans are cleverer than the computer.
B. Because humans practice playing the poker game every day.
C. Because the computer can’t learn the regular rules of the poker game.
D. Because the computer can’t know the other players’ cards completely.
2.What does the underlined word “vanquishes” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Leaves.B. Defeats.C. Cheats.D. Serves.
3.What do we know about the reinforcement learning of AI?
A. It solves problems correctly every time.
B. It is the same as the learning of humans.
C. It learns from the mistakes appearing in a task.
D. It is more developed than the studying ways of humans.
4.What can be inferred from the text?
A. The new procedure of AI has some features of humans.
B. Computers are stronger than humans in every aspect.
C. Humans will beat computers at playing poker forever.
D. Scientists feel unhappy about the result of the poker game.
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小学教材完全解读系列答案科目：高中英语 来源：2017届北京市海淀区高三上学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：单项填空
A long road tests a horse’s strength and a long-term task ________ a man’s heart.
A. provesB. will proveC. is provingD. has proved
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届安徽江南十校高三下期开年第一考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How To Study English In China
English is obviously not the native language in China. Although many Chinese want to improve their English level to the amount needed in daily work, it’s very hard when only a few people speak English around them. 1. Here are a few tips that might help.
Join a school with native teachers to guide you.
2.The more exposure you can get to these foreign teachers, the faster and better you’re going to learn English. If a school doesn’t give students maximum exposure to native English speakers’ classes, find one that does.
Read English daily.
This means using websites that are permitted in China, accessing English texts, newspapers and books. Read short stories in English. When you come across words you don’t know write them down immediately. 3.
Find some English speakers.
Spend time with them and share conversations. There is nothing better for learning any language than finding native speakers of the language to practice with. When you speak, you are practicing every aspect of the language(except writing) in the most efficient way possible.
Memorize vocabulary.
Write new words in a notebook every week, with English definitions and a sample sentence, not a Chinese translation. 4. Carry it with you everywhere you go. Even if you have a question about something that you see and you don’t know the English word, write it down in your own language with the plan to look it up later and learn that word in English.
5.English is not well controlled by grammar rules. For every rule, there is an exception to that rule. Your time will be better spent in watching movies and learning from them than studying grammar for long hours. Find someone to write emails in English to or write a dairy every day.
There are many other ways to improve your English. Come on!
A. Learn to write.
B. Watch an English film once a month.
C. What can you do to study more English?
D. There are many English speakers in China.
E. You can do this by writing in your notebook.
F. Follow a soap opera, comedy or radio program or TV drama.
G. You should be carrying a notebook with you everywhere you go just to write down something important.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届陕西西安市高三上第三次模拟考英语卷（解析版） 题型：语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
My interest in Chinese food started years ago, when I was a young reporter for the Washington Post. Our office wasn’t far from Chinatown, 1. I found some very good Chinese restaurants.
That was the first time that I 2. (notice) the fresh taste of the meat and vegetables of Chinese food. When I learned more about the food, I began to understand why 3. has this special feature.
Many years ago, China had 4. energy crisis because it lost much of its wood due to over population and poor management of its forests. This 5. (lose) was very bad for the country, of course, but it turned out to be very good for the food. Wood became very expensive and hard to get, so the Chinese had to either find a substitute for their 6. (value) wood, or learn how to use it better. There weren’t any substitutes so people found ways to economize.
In order to economize in cooking, they had to use very little wood. So they started cutting their meat and vegetables 7. small pieces before they put them in the hot oil. That way, the food cooked 8. (fast) and they saved more fuel. The food 9. (prepare) in this way kept its fresh flavor — and it’s this flavor 10. attracts people from other countries to the art of Chinese cooking.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届陕西西安市高三上第三次模拟考英语卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Geneva（日内瓦） Tourist Guide
Universal compact app for iPhone 6 / iPhone 6 Plus / iPhone 5 / iPhone / iPod / iPad GENEVA TOURIST GUIDE with attractions, museums, restaurants, bars, hotels, theatres and shops with traveler reviews and ratings, pictures, rich travel information, prices and opening hours.
Discover what's on and places to visit in Geneva with our new cool app. It will guide you to top attractions and shopping malls, and tell you directions to hotels, bars, and restaurants. This is an all-in-one app for all the local attractions. Our travel guide to Geneva features up-to-date information on attractions, hotels, restaurants, shopping, nightlife, travel tips and more.
Highlights:
◆ Geneva Information — Overview, climate, geography, history and travel
◆ Attractions — Ancient sites, beaches, botanical gardens, coffee farms, museums, scenic drives, towns, waterfalls, religious and historical sites, etc.
◆ Hotels — From luxury hotels to budget accommodations, including reviews, price comparison, address and more.
◆ Map — It is an interactive map and get turn-by-turn driving directions. Find traffic details, road conditions, street maps, multi map, satellite photos, and aerial maps. Allow you to easily search and find local businesses with directions.
◆ Gallery — Picture galleries of Geneva's most beautiful sights, interesting events, unusual occasions and more.
◆ POI Search — Search everything at Geneva.
Enter any keyword or name to search. Find Name, address, distance, route map, call, and directions to every business location.
◆ Translator — Supports 52 languages, Large text Translation.
◆ World Clock — All major cities of the world (1000 Cities).
1.What is Geneva Tourist Guide?
A. An appB. A bookC. A mapD. An advertisement
2.Geneva Tourist Guide provides tourists with all the following help except ______.
A. to discover what's on and places to visit in Geneva
B. to guide tourists to top attractions and shopping malls
C. to offer latest information on attractions in Geneva
D. to help tourists make friends with Geneva locals
3.Which of the following is not among highlights of Geneva Tourist Guide?
A. Information about both expensive and cheap hotels in Geneva.
B. Chances to visit Geneva galleries without paying any money.
C. A search system that can find everything at Geneva.
D. Being able to be used by tourists from all over the world.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届辽宁铁岭协作体高三上第二次联考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 并在其下写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分。
With the growing popularity of the Internet, more and more children are addicted to play online games day and night. It does harm not only to their health, especial their eyes, but also to their studies.
Comparing with online games, many traditional games, like hide-and-seek, benefits kids mentally and physically. They were ever popular with several generations, which not only learned anything valuable but also enjoyed playing the games. Therefore, the games are dying away now.
Personally, I think teachers and parents should take measure to limit their children’s Internet time. Let children to know the harm of online games and the benefits of traditional games. Help children judge healthy and unhealthy games. What’s more, we should often organize events for children in which traditional games played.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届辽宁铁岭协作体高三上第二次联考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Every year more people recognize that it is wrong to kill wildlife for “sport.” Progress in this direction is slow because shooting is not a sport for watching, and only those few who take part realize the cruelty and destruction.
The number of gunners, however, grows rapidly. Children too young to develop proper judgments through independent thought are led a long way away by their gunning parents. They are subjected to advertisements of gun producers who describe shooting as good for their health and guncarrying as a way of putting redder blood in the veins (血管). They are persuaded by gunner magazines with stories honoring the chase and the kill. In school they view motion pictures which are supposedly meant to teach them how to deal with arms safely but which are actually designed to stimulate (刺激) a desire to own a gun. Wildlife is disappearing because of shooting and because of the loss of wildland habitat (栖息地). Habitat loss will continue with our increasing population, but can we slow the loss of wildlife caused by shooting? There doesn’t seem to be any chance if the serious condition of our birds is not improved.
Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although most people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people.
Now, it is time to realize that animals have the same right to life as we do and that there is nothing fair or right about a person with a gun shooting the harmless and beautiful creatures. The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of dying can make nobody happy. If, as they would have you believe, gun-carrying and killing improve human-character, then perhaps we should encourage war.
1.According to the text, most people do not seem to be against hunting because ________.
A. they have little knowledge of it
B. it helps to build human character
C. it is too costly to stop killing wildlife
D. they want to keep wildlife under control
2.The underlined word “agony” in the last paragraph probably means ________.
A. formB. conditionC. painD. sadness
3.According to the text, the films children watch at school actually ________.
A. teach them how to deal with guns safely
B. praise hunting as character-building
C. describe hunting as an exercise
D. encourage them to have guns of their own
4.It can be inferred from the text that the author seems to ________.
A. blame the majority of people
B. worry about the existence of wildlife
C. be in favour of war
D. be in support of character-building
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016-2017学年黑龙江哈尔滨六中高二上期末考试英语卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
If you are a traditional traveller who believes cameras are irreplaceable，here are some things you should pay attention to when looking for the perfect camera.
Sensor size
Along with the megapixel (百万像素) count，the size of the sensor dictates the general image quality as well as the camera's performance in low light. It also determines whether the camera can electronically put the details it captures bigger enough to see—which is what makes the pictures not clear enough to see when you view the photos on a bigger screen.
Portability
“The important thing is that the camera isn't too big or heavy，and that you have a good zoom (变焦距镜头) range for both wide－angle and telephoto shots (远距摄影照片)，”Atherton told CNN.A good choice would be a slim，light pocket camera with a high－qualified built－in optical zoom. “These are very popular for travel as they are light，but built with a telephoto lens that can zoom up to 60 times，” Atherton said.
Zoom and shutter (快门) speed
For action or crowd shots，a fast shutter speed is a key factor. “When dealing with anything that's active—wildlife or people in action on the street—faces change within a tiny part of a second，” said Arnold，“a fast shutter speed is helpful in shooting the several hundred photos you might need to get that single winning shot.”
1. According to Atherton，what isn't a requirement for an ideal camera?
A．Portable shape.
B．Wide－ranged zoom.
C．Good telephoto lens.
D．Reasonable sensor size.
2.What will contribute to a satisfactory photo of a running lion in the wild?
A．The sensor size. B．The zoom range.
C．The shutter speed. D．The megapixel.
3.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A．How to choose ideal travel cameras?
B．How to put a camera into good use?
C．A fashionable camera—up for sale
D．A high－quality camera—a modern life's must
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届福建省漳州市八校高三上学期期末联考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
My teacher, Mr．August J．Bachmann, was the most influential teacher I ever had.
I had gotten into trouble in his class：Another student had pushed me for fun，and I became angry and began to hit him．Mr．Bachmann stopped the fight，but instead of sending me to the office，he sat me down and asked a simple question："Penna，why are you wasting your life？Why aren't you going to college？"
I didn't know anything about colleges or scholarships．No one had ever considered that a fatherless boy from the poorest neighborhood had a future．That day，instead of rushing off for lunch，he stayed and explained possible education options to me．At the end of our talk，he sent me to see a secretary who had a child at a state college．This was in 1962 at Emerson High School in Union City，New Jersey.
Well，53 years have passed, and what have I done with the knowledge he gave me？I gained a PhD from Fordham University when I was only 29．I taught English and social studies and then moved up the chain of command from teacher to principal.
I've sat on the board for Magnet Schools of America and represented that organization at the United Nations．I've won a number of great educational awards．But where would I be if a truly caring teacher had not taken the time out of his lunch period to speak to me? It was without question only his confidence in me that helped me forward．
I have repaid his kindness hundreds of times by encouraging misguided youngsters to aim higher. If I have saved any children, it is because of him. If I have been a successful educator, it is because I had a great role model in Mr. Bachmann.
1.The writer ________ before Mr．Bachmann talked to him．
A. was an active boy
B. liked making troubles in class
C. was an aimless boy
D. would get punished by his teachers
2.Which of the following best describes Mr．Bachmann?
A. Fair.B. Confident.C. Inspiring.D. Humorous.
3.How did Mr．Bachmann influence the writer?
A. He set the writer on the right path.
B. He tried to set a good example to the writer.
C. He was strict with the writer.
D. He helped the writer with his study.
4.What does the writer think of his achievement？
A. He is very proud of himself.
B. He feels his effort gets paid off at last.
C. He owes his achievement to Mr. Bachmann.
D. He thinks it an honor to be a successful educator.
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