Question

【题目】At no time in history has there been such a mass(大规模的) movement of people from the countryside to the city as is happening now. By the year 2030, it’s estimated（估计） that more than two thirds of the world’s population will be living in cities, twice as many as today. This means that the problems faced by cities today—overcrowding, poor housing, unemployment, poverty(贫穷) and lack of food and water—will be twice as bad, unless we find solutions soon.

Another serious issue is how to provide good transportation for their citizens. Many of the world’s major cities are already struggling with out-of-date transport infrastructures(基本设施). How can they deal with the additional demands?

London is a good example. Its enlargement was made possible by the invention of the steam engine, which powered the world’s first underground railway. But its transport system are now hopelessly out-of-date and need urgent modernization. London’s future success depends very much on developing better public transport.

Over a million people travel into central London every day from outside the city. They, together with the people who live in London, want a public transport system that is efficient, safe and environmentally friendly. What they often get, however, falls far short of that ideal. Passengers complain about cost and pollution, while businesses worry about the problems their staff have in getting to work on time. Yes, the proportion of London households that own a car grew from just over ten percent in the early 1950s to over sixty percent today.

As the city has become increasingly crowded and polluted, there has been a growing realization that action must be taken soon.

【1】The passage is mainly written to tell us that ________.

A. it’s difficult to solve the problem faced by cities today

B. overpopulation causes the problems in cities like London

C. possible solutions to cities’ transport problems will be found soon

D. public transport plays an important role in developments in major cities

【2】The underlined word “they” in fourth paragraph refers to _______.

A. the citizens in the city of London

B. those who come to London from other places

C. passengers who make complaints about the cost

D. businesses who are anxious about their staff getting to work late

【3】From the passage we know that the mass movement to the city will cause the following problems EXCEPT_____________.

A. poverty B. unemployment

C. better environment D. poor transportation

【4】The underlined words “environmentally friendly” is closest in meaning to ________.

A. pleasant and nonpolluting B. cheap and punctual

C. quick and straight D. fair and convenient

【5】We can infer that in the following paragraph the writer would most probably deal with ______.

A. traffic jams in London streets

B. London’s future in train and air travel

C. possible solutions to London’s traffic problems

D. the improvement of the citizen’s living conditions

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】B

【3】C

【4】A

【5】C

【解析】

试题分析：这篇文章主要讲越来越多的农村人口向城镇转移，从而给城镇带来一系列的问题，人口拥挤、城市失业率高、房屋紧缺等。并以伦敦为例，向我们展示农村人口城市化所造成的问题。

【1】B主旨大意题。本篇文章的前两段主要讲现在社会所面临的趋势：越来越多的农村人口向城镇转移，从而给城镇带来一系列的问题，人口拥挤、城市失业率高、房屋紧缺等。接着后面几段以伦敦为例，证实了这样的问题。所以此题选B。

【2】B细节理解题。由上文Over a million people travel into central London every day from outside the city.可知超过百万的外来人来到伦敦市中心，接着就提到“they”，所以这里的“他们”是指从其他地方来到伦敦的人。故选B。

【3】C细节理解题。由文章第一段overcrowding, poor housing, unemployment, poverty(贫穷) and lack of food and water可知农村人口城市化所要面临的困难有人口拥挤，失业，贫穷等，第二段还提到Many of the world’s major cities are already struggling with out-of-date transport infrastructures(基本设施).许多地方还会造成基本设施压力过大等问题。综合起来可知C不符合题意，故选C。

【4】A推理判断题。联系划线处后文What they often get, however, falls far short of that ideal. Passengers complain about cost and pollution可知，然而他们所面对的是恶劣的环境和高昂的价格。这里表示转折了，所以上文中的environmentally friendly肯定是表示与之相反的意思了，根据词义环境友好，我们可以推断这里是指没有污染，空气清新。故选A。

【5】C推理判断题。文章最后一段提到As the city has become increasingly crowded and polluted, there has been a growing realization that action must be taken soon.人口增多，城市变得越来越拥挤，所以人们要开始意识到这一严重的问题，并且要马上采取行动。所以我们可以推断作者在下一段是要提出解决办法。故选C。