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【题目】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Since 1 first fully artificial plastic was invented in 1907, humans 2(find) innumerable uses for the material. It has found 3(it) way into our tools, our clothes and even our bodies. In a new study in 4(environment) science and technology, researchers estimate the average American eats more than 50,000 pieces of microplastic particles, 5(small) than 5 millimeters in length every year and breathes in another 50,000. Although the health 6(effect) of consuming these tiny bits of plastic are unclear, researchers stress the real volume that people are 7(casual) swallowing is alarming. The largest contributor came 8 drinking bottled water, in 9 the bottle itself added more than 32 times more plastic to a diet 10(compare) with tap water, The Guardian reports.

【答案】

1the

2have found

3its

4environmental

5smaller

6effects

7casually

8from

9which

10compared

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章提出了人工塑料渗入到我们生活的方方面面。在环境科学与技术的一项新研究中,研究人员估计,美国人平均每年吃掉5万多块塑料微粒,这些微粒的长度小于5毫米,再吸入5万粒塑料微粒。主要诱因是饮用瓶装水。

1考查冠词。句意:自从1907年第一个完全人工塑料被发明以来。根据first可知此处用冠词the。故填the

2考查时态。句意:人类已经发现了这种材料的无数用途。since引导的时间从句要用一般过去时,主句要用现在完成时。分析句子成分可知,主语是humans,故谓语动词为have found。故填have found

3考查代词。句意:它已经渗入我们的工具、我们的衣服甚至我们的身体。way是名词,此处应该用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填its

4考查形容词。句意:在环境科学与技术的一项新研究中。此处要用形容词修饰名词science and technology(科学与技术)。故填environmental

5考查形容词比较级。句意:美国人平均每年吃掉5万多块塑料微粒,这些微粒的长度小于5毫米,再吸入5万粒塑料微粒。根据than可知此处要用形容词比较级。故填smaller

6考查名词。句意:尽管食用这些小塑料碎片对健康的影响尚不清楚。根据the health是主语的一部分,可知此处用名词作主语,且谓语动词是are,故用可数名词复数。故填effects

7考查副词。句意:但研究人员强调,人们随意吞下的塑料碎片的实际数量令人担忧。此处要用副词修饰动词swallowing 。故填casually

8考查固定搭配。句意:最大促成物来自饮用瓶装水。固定短语come from,意为“来自”。故填from

9考查非限制性定语从句关系词。句意:瓶装水在日常饮食中添加的塑料量是自来水的32倍多。分析句子成分可知,先行词为drinking bottled water,指物,且作in的宾语,故此处填which。故填which

10考查非谓语动词。句意:瓶装水在日常饮食中添加的塑料量是自来水的32倍多。分析句子可知,the bottle itselfcompare在逻辑上是被动关系。故填compared

2小题考查了since的用法。since引导的时间状语从句的四种用法:

一、since引导的时间状语从句中用短暂性动词的过去式,主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。

例句1She has dealt with five guys since she divorced Tom.她和汤姆离婚后和五个男人交往过。

例句2I have been missing her since she left.自从她离开我就一直很想念她。

二、since引导的时间状语从句中用延续性动词或者状态动词的过去式,主句用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时。此时,时间状语从句指示的时间是这个延续性动作结束直到现在这个时间段。

例句1It has been almost five years since I taught high school students.我不教高中已经大概有五年了。

例句2I have changed my job five times since I was in Shanghai.我离开上海后换了五次工作。

三、since引导的时间状语从句中的动词用延续性动词的现在完成时,主句的动词用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时。此时,状语从句指示的时间是延续性动作开始一直到现在这个时间段。

例句1It has been almost five years since I have taught senior three students.

我从教高三开始到现在已经五年了。

例句2I have never heard from her since she has worked there.自从她去那工作到现在为止,我没有收到过她的来信。

四、since引导的时间状语从句中的动词用现在完成进行时,主句谓语动词用一般现在时。

例句1We think highly of your up-grading spirit since you have been trying to change yourself.

从你一直努力改变自己以来,我们都高度赞赏你的上进精神。

例句2We all admire you since you have been doing everything to help the poor.

自从你一直做任何事情帮助穷人以来,我们都很钦佩你。

2小题考查了since的第二种用法。

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