______ these differences,experts agree that smiling is perphaps a universal body language that has the same meaning.
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怎样学好牛津英语系列答案科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
When several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times, you may see different things. The following are but some of the factors that lead to these varying perceptions（感知，感觉）: k+s-5#u
Each person’s perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning, education, and personal experience.
Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we’ve observed. It is not necessarily true that person’s perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by some. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same yardstick（尺码） to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.
Sometimes we see only what we want to see what may be obverse（正面的）to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary（临时的） emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory（相反的） information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore the stimulus（刺激）—“He’s basically a good boy, so what I saw was not shoplifting（入店行窃）.” We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information —“All kids get into mischief（顽皮）. Taking a book from the bookstore isn’t such a big deal.” We call change the meaning of the contradictory information—“It wasn’t shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later.”...
Why might the observation of the same person by two people at the same time differ?
A．Because they are from different family.
B．Because they have different opinions.
C．Because their yardsticks are not the same.
D．Because their thoughts are different. k+s-5#u
According the passage, our perceptions are formed by ________.
A．our own cultural conditions, education and experience
B．our own thoughts, aims and knowledge
C．the society’s rules, laws and needs
D．the society’s values, standards and requires
From the passage, we know _____ causes us to think a boy’s shoplifting isn’t serious.
A．our kindness B．our experience
C．the society’s require D．selective perception
What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．It mainly talks about the results of different perceptions.
B．It mainly talks about the factors that lead to different perceptions. k+s-5#u
C．It mainly talks about the kinds of perceptions.
D．It mainly talks about the yardsticks.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2011届湖南省长沙市第一中学高三上学期第五次月考英语卷 题型：阅读理解
Stepfamilies are commonplace in the United States and their number continues to grow. While stepfamilies differ widely in their make-up， they all consist of a parenting couple and children， one or more of whom is of a previous union. Such combinations of his kids， her kids， and then， possibly， kids of the new union make for complicated and often trying difficulties， more challenging than those of traditional families.
Since stepfamilies involve more people and， consequently， more potential problems from the start than do childless new marriage， it is wise for the couple to do some careful planning prior to (＝before) marriage. Not only do the prospective(预期的) marital partners need agreement about their own carriers， life goals， finance and special interests， they must also prepare for new relationship with their children and attempt to accommodate their individual needs and feelings. Furthermore， there are often the rights of other relatives to consider.
As for any family， the basic ingredient(成分) of a successful stepfamily are affection， kindness and mutual(相互的) respect. However， love alone is not enough. Certainly love is the cornerstone upon which the foundation of any family is built， but there are also many other important ingredients involved in building a successful stepfamily.
Surveys reveal that successful families regard the ability to communicate openly as the most important factor in their success. Communication is what keeps families on track and functioning as a unit. Although healthy communication is easier for some people than for others， this skill can be learned and improved. Healthy communication involves speaking clearly and listening carefully.
By their very nature， stepfamilies often are complicated by past events that give rise to ambivalent(矛盾的) loyalties， lingering(持久的) hurts， fears， feelings of guilt and unrealistic dreams. The difficulties that arise within the stepfamilies are human and understandable. However， there are ways to confront(面临) and resolve them. For example， support groups and professional counselors(法律顾问) are available in most communities to provide help and guidance when communications stopped and problems seem overwhelming(压倒性的).
Planning and building a stepfamily is not a responsibility to take lightly. It can be a very trying and， at times， seemingly impossible effort. Many potential troubles can arise and threaten to destroy the stepfamily. Nevertheless， meeting and mastering these special challenges can bring unexpected satisfactions and rewarding depths of family closeness and affection.
【小题1】According to the passage， there are in the United States.
| A．no stepfamilies |
| B．more stepfamilies than ever before |
| C．fewer stepfamilies than ever before |
| D．fewer stepfamilies than traditional ones |
| A．The pursuit of the same careers. |
| B．Professional interventions(干涉). |
| C．The development of special interests. |
| D．Careful planning before the marriage. |
| A．everlasting loyalties |
| B．open communication |
| C．kindness and mutual respect |
| D．persistent(持久稳固的) affection |
| A．unrealistic |
| B．complicated |
| C．ambivalent |
| D．guilty |
| A．impossible |
| B．satisfying and rewarding |
| C．discouraging and frustrating |
| D．a difficult and trying experience |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2011届四川省成都市高三第二次诊断性检测英语卷 题型：阅读理解
The 1980s was called the “Me Decade” because for many this time was marked by a fascination with the self. The idea that each person has a self may seem natuaral to us, but this concept is actually quite new. The idea that each human life is unique developed between the 11th and 15th centuries in Europe. Before that time, individuals were considered in relation to a group, and even today, many eastern cultures place more emphasis on the importance of a collective self than on a unique and independent self.
Both eastern and western cultures see the self as divided into an inner, private self and an outer, public self. But where they differ is in terms of which part is seen as the“real you.” Western culture tends to promote the idea of individuality—a self that is separated from other selves. In contrast, many eastern cultures focus on an inter-independent self that gets its diversity in large part from inter-relationship with others.
For example, a Confucian(孔子) idea stresses the importance of “face”—other people’s views of the self and maintaining one’s desired status in their eyes. In the past, some Asian cultures developed clear rules about the specific clothes and even colors that people in certain social classes and occupations were allowed to display, and these live on today in Japanese style manuals. This style of dress is at odds with such western practices as “casual Fridays,” which encourage employees to dress informally and express their unique selves.
【小题1】 Which is true about the self according to the text?
| A．Many eastern cultures see the self connected with others. |
| B．Those born in the 1980s are generally most self-centered than others. |
| C．The concept that eac person has a self may seem strange to eastern cultures |
| D．Western cultures regard the self as an outer, public self while eastern cultures don’t. |
| A．How eastern and western cultures see the self. |
| B．Eastern cultures contrast sharply with western cultures |
| C．Both eastern and western cultures appreciate the importance of self |
| D．Eastern cultures are as important as western cultures |
| A．explain the importance of “face” |
| B．say how traditional the Japanese are |
| C．emphasize the importance of eastern cultures |
| D．show how eastern cultures see the self in relation to others |
| A．in agreement with | B．in disagreement with |
| C．in comparison with | D．in need of |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015届湖南省高一4月段考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：其他题
Like all vertebrates(脊椎动物), fish have sense organs that tell them what is happening within their environment. The organs enable them to see, hear, smell, taste and touch.
A fish’s eyes differ from those of land vertebrates in several ways. For example, most fish can see to the right and to the left at the same time for the fact that a fish has no neck and so cannot turn its head. Fish also have no eyelids. For land vertebrates, eyelids(眼睑）help moisten(使湿润) their eyes and protect them from sunlight. A fish’s eyes are kept moist by the flow of water over them. They do not need to be shielded from sunlight because it is seldom extremely direct and bright underwater. Some fish have unusual adaptations of the eye. For example, a flatfish has two eyes on the same side of the head. A flatfish spends most of the time lying on its side on the ocean floor and so needs eyes only on the side that faces upward. The eyes of certain deep-sea fish are at the ends of short structures that stick out from the head. These structures can be raised upward, allowing the fish to see overhead as well as to the side and to the front.
A few kinds of fishes are born blind. They include certain species of catfish that live in total darkness in the waters of caves. Some of these fishes have eyes but no vision(视觉). Others lack eyes completely.
1.Why can’t a fish turn its head? (no more than 6 words)
_____________________________________________________________________
2.What can prevent land vertebrates’ eyes from sunlight? (no more than 3 words)
_____________________________________________________________________
3.Why are the flatfish’s eyes different from other fishes’? (no more than 14 words)
_____________________________________________________________________
4.What is the passage mainly about? (no more than 6 words)
__________________________________________________________________
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科目：高中英语 来源：上海市黄浦、嘉定区2010届高三下学期模拟联考英语试卷 题型：阅读理解
(C)
Sometimes people recall past events differently from how they happened. Have you ever confused dates and events from your life, or people’s names? Don’t be too hard on yourself if this is the case; it happens to almost everyone. Every day, our brain processes an amazing amount of information. In fact, all our experiences are based on the way our brain interprets the information it receives from our senses. It is impossible to store all of this information, so some of it gets lost. The parts that remain make up our memories. All our thoughts and memories depend on the way our senses work, and we cannot always trust everything our senses tell us.
If you have ever tried to make your own short film on a digital camera, you will have noticed that the images you record are often blurry(模糊不清). To stop the same thing from happening when we see things with our own eyes, our brain is always filling in the blanks. Before our eyes can even focus on an object, our brain has created its own picture of it so that we can move smoothly from looking at one thing to another without the world looking strange. If we are moving quickly or are not focusing properly, our brain may not correctly guess what is around us.
Memory is the way we store the information that our senses have experienced. As we have discussed above, our senses do not always see things accurately, so our memory is just how we store our interpretations of these experiences. When our brain takes in new experiences, it uses the information we retrieve from our memory as a reference. This means that we often do not remember the details of things but just the important parts. When we look at something, we often do not really look closely at it, but we merely look at the different hints that help us indentify it.
This also happens with our hearing and speaking. It is natural for students of English to confuse the word “kitchen”, with the familiar word “chicken”. As the sounds are similar, the mind mistakenly identifies the new word with the one that is familiar. This is perhaps the most common reason why people make mistakes when they learn a new language.
72. Sometimes things people remember are quite different from how they really happened because ______.
A. not all people are smart enough B. the main part of the information gets lost
C. people are too strict with themselves D. information was processed incompletely
73. Taking the short film on a digital camera for an example, the author means _____.
A. images recorded by cameras could not be accurate
B. brain may form an imagery picture without reference
C. blurry pictures are caused by too fast camera movements
D. the process of vision is an interpretive construct by the brain
74. The underlined word “retrieve” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______.
A. recall B. change C. borrow D. differ
75. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE in terms of memory?
A. Memory is exactly what senses have experienced.
B. Memories are made up of the information remaining in minds.
C. Memory is the way to store information experienced by senses.
D. Memories sometimes can be obstacles to learning something new.
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