Question

12．Following one million middle-aged women in Britain for 10 years，a study finds that the widely held view that happiness enhances health and longevity is unfounded．
The results come from the so-called Million Women Study，which took on women aged 50 to 69 from 1996 to 2001，and tracked them with questionnaires and official records of death and hospital admissions．The questionnaires asked how often the women felt happy，in control，relaxed and stressed，and also instructed them to rate their health and list ailments like high blood pressure，diabetes，depression or anxiety．
When the answers were analyzed statistically，unhappiness and stress were not associated with an increased risk of death．It is not clear whether the findings apply to men．
Professor Peto said particularly important data came from 500，000 women who reported that they were in good health，with no history of heart disease，cancer，or stroke．A minority of these healthy women said they were stressed or unhappy，he said，but over the next decade they were no more likely to die than were the women who were generally happy．
"This finding refutes（驳斥）the large effects of unhappiness and stress on deathrate that others have claimed，"Dr．Peto said．Unhappiness itself may not affect health directly，but it can do harm in other ways，by driving people to suicide，alcoholism or other dangerous behaviors，he warned．
This type of study，in which people involved depends on their self-assessments，is not considered as reliable as a designed experiment where people involved are picked at random and assigned to a treatment or control group．But the huge number of people in this study gives it power．Still，some observers noted that measuring emotions is more nuanced（细微的）and complex than simply declaring happiness or unhappiness．
"I would have liked to see more discussion of how people translate these complicated feelings into a self-report of happiness，"said Baruch Fischhoff，a psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University．
The results of earlier studies have been mixed，with some finding that unhappiness causes illness and others showing no link，Dr．Fischhoff said．"It looks to me like people have collected a lot of data without finding a clear signal，"he said．However，an editorial accompanying the study in The Lancet noted that it had the largest population so far in happiness studies and praised its statistical methods．
Professor Peto said he doubted whether the new study would change many minds because beliefs about the risks of unhappiness are so rooted．"People are still going to believe that stress causes heart attacks，"he said．

Topic	Happiness Doesn't （71）NecessarilyBring Good Health
（72）Subjects/Participantsof the research	One million women aged 50 to 69
（73）Procedure/Steps of the research	l  Track the women with questionnaires． l  Keep official records of deaths and hospital admission． l  Make statistical （74）analysesof the answers．
Results of the research	l  It lacks basis that unhappy people （75）tendto suffer mortality more easily． l  Unhappiness may （76）account/makefor some dangerous behavior． l  Whether the conclusion applies to men hasn't been     （77）confirmed/proved
（78）Drawbacks/Shortcomings/Disadvantages/Weaknessesof the research	l  It just depends on how people involved （79）assess/evaluatethemselves． l  Measuring emotion is more nuanced and complex． l  The results of earlier studies have been mixed．
Significance of the research	l  The largest population were involved． l  Statistical methods were used．
Professor Peto's concern	The study can （80）hardlychange people's minds as the beliefs about the disadvantages of unhappiness are so anchored．

Answer 1

分析 本文是一篇议论文．文章首先提出论点，认为高兴有助于健康和长寿是缺乏事实依据的．然后，以研究为基础，从反面说明了不高兴与死亡并没有直接的联系，只是可能会引起一些危险行为，从而佐证作者的论点．

解答 71．Necessarily  归纳概括题．根据全文给出的论据论点可知，文章讲述的是高兴并"不一定"会带来健康．
72．Subjects/Participants   推理题．从后面的One million women aged 50 to 69可知，是在讲研究的"被试者或参与者（对象）"．
73．Procedure/Steps   推理题．根据后面给出的Track the women with questionnaires． Keep official records of deaths and hospital admission．Make statistical analyse of the answers．提示可知，这里陈述的是研究的"步骤或者说是程序"．
74．analyses  词性转换题．根据statistical可知，后面要跟名词形式，故把原文When the answers were analyzed statistically里的analyze转换成名词形式．
75．tend   推理题．根据unhappiness and stress were not associated with an increased risk of death可知，不开心的人会更容易"引起"死亡缺少依据．
76．account/make   推理题．根据Unhappiness itself may not affect health directly，but it can do harm in other ways，by driving people to suicide，alcoholism or other dangerous behaviors可知，不开心可能会"导致"一些危险行为．
77．confirmed/proved   推理题．根据It is not clear whether the findings apply to men．可知，这个结论是否适用于男性还没有被"证实或确认"．
78．Drawbacks/Shortcomings/Disadvantages/Weaknesses   归纳概括题．根据后面给出的 It just depends on how people involved assess/evaluate themselves． Measuring emotion is more nuanced and complex． The results of earlier studies have been mixed可知，这些都是该研究的"不足或缺陷"．
79．assess/evaluate   原词再现题（词性转换题）．根据This type of study，in which people involved depends on their self-assessments可知，该研究仅仅取决于人们对自己的"评价或评估"．
80．hardly   推理题．根据Professor Peto said he doubted whether the new study would change many minds because beliefs about the risks of unhappiness are so rooted．可知，Professor Peto 认为，该研究"几乎不"能改变人们的观念，因为他们对不高兴有害健康的观点根深蒂固．

点评 1．推理判断题要整体把握句意，然后作出合理的推测；
2．原词再现题要注意词性的转换，一定判断清楚该空所需词性．