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14.Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of the bladder (膀胱) and the oral cavity (口腔).Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males.
Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.The majority of physicians and researchers consider these relationships proved to their satisfaction and say,"Give up smoking.If you don't smoke,don't start".Some capable physicians and research workers-though their small number is reducing even further-are less sure of the effect of cigarette smoking on health.They consider the increase in respiratory (呼吸的) diseases and various forms of cancer may possibly be explained by other factors in the complex human environment-atmospheric pollution,increased nervous stress,chemical substances in processed food,or chemical pesticides(杀虫剂)that are now being used by farmers in vast quantities to destroy insects and small animals.Smokers who develop cancer or lung diseases,they say,may also,by coincidence,live in industrial areas,or eat more canned food.Gradually,however,research is isolating all other possible factors and proving them to be statistically irrelevant.While all tobacco smoking affects life expectancy and health,cigarette smoking appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipe smoking.However,nicotine consumption is not decreasing by the latter forms,and current research indicates relationship between all forms of smoking and cancer of the mouth and throat.Filters and low tar (焦油) tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer,but they can only slightly reduce,not eliminate,the risks.

81.Male smokers can be more affected by smoking than female ones becausethey breathe in the smoke so deeply..
82.The author's attitude towards smoking isnegative.
83.Does all the tobacco smoking affect life expectancy and health in the same level,and why?No,because cigarette smoking appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipesmoking.
84.What is the author's purpose of writing the passage?To make people give up smoking.

分析 本文主要讲述吸烟的危害,告诫读者戒烟.

解答 81  they  breathe in the smoke so deeply.
82  negative
83  No,because cigarette smoking appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipe smoking
84  To make people give up smoking
81  they  breathe in the smoke so deeply.细节题. 根据文章第二 段Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply. 可知男士在吸烟的环境中吸的更多.
82  negative  细节题. 根据文章第二 段Give up smoking.If you don't smoke,don't start 可知作者对吸烟的态度是否定的.
83  No,because cigarette smoking appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipe smoking  细节题. 根据文章第二 段While all tobacco smoking affects life expectancy and health,cigarette smoking appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipe smoking. 可知尽管所有的吸烟对寿命和健康都是有害的,但是吸烟比雪茄或者烟管更有害.
84  To make people give up smoking  主旨大意题.  通读全文可知本文主要讲述吸烟的危害,告诫读者戒烟.

点评 做阅读表达题时,理清文章的脉络、掌握文章的主旨大意,并能运用简洁的语言表达.回答要有针对性观点要明确.不要摘抄文章原句.

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