Question

Imagine your body is like the house you live in．Every day, your family creates rubbish．The rubbish builds up until it is put out for the weekly garbage collection．

Now, say you put three bags of garbage out, but because one of the collectors was away sick, only two bags are collected．You take the leftover bag inside to be put out again next week．The following week you put on another three bags, plus the leftover bag from last week．But again, only two bags are collected．Imagine this cycle is repeated over the following weeks．

This is a simple description of what happens to your body when your kidneys （肾脏）don't work efficiently．Your body is not thoroughly emptied of waste products．Other areas of the body such as blood pressure and red blood cell production are affected and the insidious process that may lead to kidney failure begins．

It's not uncommon for people to lose up to 90% of their kidney function before developing any symptoms．There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection （诊查）difficult．

Kidney's main job is to remove toxins（毒素） and unwanted water from our blood．Every day our kidneys clean an average of 200 litres of blood．Kidney failure may be a gradual and silent process, going unnoticed because there is no obvious pain．

Research shows that more than 35% of the patients requiring dialysis（透析）do not see a kidney specialist before they have to do so．Some risk factors for kidney disease such as age and genetic make-up are out of our control; however, some changes in lifestyle may help prevent kidney damage．Two major risk factors for kidney disease, diabetes （糖尿病）and high blood pressure, have been on the rise over the last few decades．Both conditions are chiefly affected by being overweight and not getting enough exercises, which are the potential (潜在的) risk factors for the kidney disease．

1.The author gives the example of the house we live in to indicate that ______．

A．it doesn't matter much if the waste in our body is not emptied in time

B．our body will not produce any waste if our kidneys work efficiently

C．it's important for our body to empty the waste in time every day

D．it's safe and harmless for our body to keep some waste

2.The underlined word “insidious” in Paragraph 3 means         .

A．smooth and safe                        B．apparent and fast

C．gradual and unnoticed                   D．long and painful

3.We can infer that when we find some symptoms related to our kidneys,         .

A．the kidney failure begins

B．the kidneys can still work properly

C．we have lost about 10% of kidney function

D．the kidneys may have been seriously damaged

4.How many risk factors of kidney disease are mentioned in the passage?

A．Six.              B．Five.             C．Four.             D．Two.

5.Which of the following helps prevent kidney damage most effectively?

A．Go to see a kidney specialist shortly before dialysis starts.

B．Take enough exercise and make early detection of kidney disease.

C．Try to keep low blood pressure and a stable lifestyle.

D．Go to hospital whenever you find any warning signs.

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.C

2.C

3.D

4.A

5.B

【解析】

试题分析：本文讲述的是肾脏问题出现的原因以及巨大的危害，分析了肾脏问题出现的重要因素，提出了解决的方法。

1.C 推理题。根据文章第二段Now, say you put three bags of garbage out, but because one of the collectors was away sick, only two bags are collected．You take the leftover bag inside to be put out again next week．The following week you put on another three bags, plus the leftover bag from last week．But again, only two bags are collected．Imagine this cycle is repeated over the following weeks．可知如果我们不及时清理体内的毒素，我们的身体会出很大的问题。故C项正确。

2.C 推理题。根据本句Other areas of the body such as blood pressure and red blood cell production are affected and the insidious process that may lead to kidney failure begins可知这种破坏的过程是渐进的，慢慢的，会导致肾脏功能的衰竭。故该词是逐渐的，慢慢地。故C正确。

3.D 推理题。根据文章第4段It's not uncommon for people to lose up to 90% of their kidney function before developing any symptoms．There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection （诊查）difficult．可知百分之90的症状是看不出来的，也就是如果我们已经发现了，那么问题可能已经很严重了。故D正确。

4.A 细节题。根据文章最后一段as age and genetic make-up are out of our control;和overweight and not getting enough exercises,以及diabetes （糖尿病）and high blood pressu可知文章中一共提及了6个因素。故A正确。

5.B 推理题。肾脏在早期很难观察到，那么我们要尽早检查，经常检查。同时加强锻炼也是一个很重要的方法。故B正确。

考点：考查健康类短文阅读

点评：本文讲述的是肾脏问题出现的原因以及巨大的危害，分析了肾脏问题出现的重要因素，提出了解决的方法。要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理，要根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案。