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    阅读理解。

         For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatures-learn to do things because
    certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely
    believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological
    (生理的) "drive" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort
    of physical comfort, not otherwise.
         It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with
    no reward except the successful outcome.
         Paousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to
    carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a
    baby who had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with
    clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's response in situation where no milk was provided.
    He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the
    movement"switched on a display of lights-and indeed that they were able to learn quite complicated turns to
    bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side. 
         Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation
    that sometimes they would turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when
    the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of lights which pleased them, it
    was the success that they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a
    fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.

    1. According to the author, babies learn to do things which _____.
    [     ]
    A. are directly related to pleasure
    B. will meet their physical needs
    C. will bring them a feeling of success
    D. will satisfy their curiosity
    2. Papousek noticed in the studies that a baby _____.
    [     ]
    A. would make learned response when it saw the milk
    B. would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink
    C. would continue the simple movements without being given milk
    D. would turn its head to right or life when it had enough to drink
    3. In Papousek's experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to _____.
    [     ]
    A. have the lights turned on
    B. be rewarded with milk
    C. please their parents
    D. be praised
    4. According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving is a reflection of _____.
    [     ]
    A. a basic human desire to understand and control the world
    B. the satisfaction of certain physiological needs
    C. their strong desire to solve complex problem
    D. a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills
    1-4: C C A A
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    科目：高中英语 来源：典中点综合应用创新题 高一英语 题型：050

    阅读理解

    　　Tom Dyson tried to find out what his new machine could do. One day he fixed the small box to a flowering plant that was growing in a pot. He didn't say anything at all, but he began to think some cruel thoughts.

    　　“I'm going to cut off these flowers. They're getting old and ugly. So I'll cut them off…”

    　　The needle on the machine climbed quickly from  zero to 8, then 10, 12, 15. It stopped at 17. The plant was in trouble! Something was worrying it. Was it fear or sadness? The thought of being cut? The flowers bent their heads. They suddenly looked old and tired, and Tom felt sorry for them.

    　　“No, no!” he cried.“I won't cut you. You're my friends. I just want you to grow and be lovely. I'll take you outside, into the sunshine. You'll like that, won't you?”

    　　The flowers lifted their heads slowly and seemed to smile at him. The needle returned to zero. Tom put away the machine, picked up the plant and walked outside. It was very nice in the garden that morning.

    　　All plants enjoy their owner's love and care and kindness. They know the sound of their voice. They also seem to understand people's thoughts. So if you have flowers of your own, think about them with love. They will return your kindness in the only way they can: they will grow strong and beautiful.

    1．Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.

    [　　]

    a．The needle pointed to 17.

    b．Tom felt sorry for the flowers.

    c．Tom thought of cutting off the flowers.

    d．The flowers looked old and tired.

    e．Tom fixed the machine to a plant.

    f．Tom took the plant outside.

    g．The needle returned to zero.

    h．Tom cried, “I won't cut you.”

    [　　]

    A．e; a; g; h; d; b; c; f

    B．c; e; d; a; b; h; g; f

    C．e; c; a; d; h; b; f; g

    D．e; c; a; d; b; h; g; f

    2．The only way in which plants can show their love is ________.

    [　　]

    A．enjoying their owner's love

    B．bringing up nicely

    C．holding up their heads

    D．smiling at their owners

    3．According to the passage, which of the following is true?

    [　　]

    A．Tom wanted to cut off the flowers.

    B．Tom said nothing, but the flowers could understand him.

    C．The machine didn't work properly.

    D．The flowers were getting bad - looking

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    科目：高中英语 来源：山东省日照市2012届高三5月阶段训练英语试题(B卷) 题型：050

    阅读理解

    　　The Gunpowder Plot was conspiracy(阴谋)to kill King James I, as well as the members of the House of Lords and Commons at the re-opening of Parliament．It was designed by a group of Catholics in protest against the anti-Catholic laws that were being introduced by the king．

    　　Robert Catesby was the leader of the group．It was he and his cousin, Thomas Wintour, and two other friends, Thomas Percy and John Wright, who formed the center of the group．They were joined by nine more men; among them was Guy Fawkes, from the city of York in the north of England．

    　　Fawkes found a store room directly under the House of Lords and rented it out under the false name of John Johnson．The conspirators stored thirty-six barrels of gunpowder there, and Fawkes, who was an explosives expert, was to light the fuses(引信)on 5th November 1605．

    　　The plot failed because one of the conspirators, Francis Tresham, sent a letter to his relative, who was a member of the House of Lords．The letter warned him not to attend the opening ceremony of Parliament．The letter was passed on to the authorities, who took action．

    　　Guy Fawkes was found in the cellar on the night of 4th November with the thirty-six barrels and a number of fuses．He was imprisoned and ill-treated, eventually giving away the names of the conspirators．

    　　Soldiers of the king surrounded Holbeach House, in the Midlands, where they knew the conspirators to be hiding．In the fight that followed, four of them were shot dead, including Catesby and Percy, who were actually killed by the same bullet．The others were imprisoned and hanged along with Guy Fawkes on 31st January 1606．

    　　These days, on 5th November, children all over Britain celebrate Guy Fawkes Night by building huge bonfires and lighting fireworks．It's a family tradition and an occasion to eat potatoes baked by the flames．There is always a 'guy' on top of the fire, a model of Guy Fawkes, dressed in the clothes of the 17th century．

    (1)

    The writer wrote the passage in order to ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    tell how a British family tradition developed

    B．

    disclose the severe struggle among the British politicians

    C．

    describe one event in the British history

    D．

    inform the readers of the cruelty of King James I

    (2)

    Francis Tresham wrote the letter to his relative to ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    report the plot to the authorities

    B．

    reveal the names of the conspirators

    C．

    protect the House of Lords

    D．

    warn him of the danger of being killed

    (3)

    According to the passage, the total number of people involved in the plot is ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    13

    B．

    4

    C．

    36

    D．

    40

    (4)

    What can we learn about Robert Catesby?

    [　　]

    A．

    He wrote a letter to his relative in the authorities．

    B．

    He was imprisoned and hanged．

    C．

    He was responsible for lighting the fuses．

    D．

    He was shot dead in the fight．

    (5)

    What is the right order of the event described in the passage?

    a．A cellar was found

    b．Four conspirators were shot

    c．The letter was passed on to the authorities

    d．The rest of the conspirators were hanged．

    e．Some gunpowder was prepared．

    f．The authorities took action．

    [　　]

    A．

    c,a, e, f, b, d

    B．

    e,a,c,f,b,f

    C．

    c, f, a, e,b, d

    D．

    a,e,c,f,b,d

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    科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解

    阅读理解 （共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）

    根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 注意：请把答案写在答题纸上。            

    Dr. Sylvia Earle wants you to stop eating fish. It’s not because fish are endangered, though wild fish stocks in many oceans are very low. It’s not because they’re bad for you, though fish in many areas are exposed to poisonous substances in the water.     .

    “Fish are sensitive; they have personalities, says the marine biologist. For Earle, eating a fish would be like eating a dog or a cat. “I would never eat anyone I know personally.”

    There’s a lot more to fish than meets the eye: they talk to each other, they like to be touched, and they engage in behavior that can seem very human.     . Earle and a growing number of animal rights activists see these as strong arguments against eating fish altogether.

         . “While it may seem obvious that fish are able to feel pain, like every other animal, some people think of fish as swimming vegetables,” says Dr. Lynne Sneddon. “Really, it’s kind of a moral question. Is the enjoyment you get from fishing (or eating fish) more important than the pain of the fish?”

    Fishermen and (fried) fish lovers are skeptical. “I’ve never seen a smart fish,” says Marie Swaringen as she finishes off a plate of fish at a Seattle seafood restaurant. “    .”

    “For years, everyone’s been telling us to eat fish because it’s so good for us,” says another diner. “Now I’ve got to feel guilty while I’m eating my fish?     ? Don’t eat salad because cucumbers (黄瓜) have feelings?”

    A. What are they going to think of next  

    B. It’s because they’re smart   

    C. The activists also point out that fish feel pain and fish suffer horribly on their way from the sea to the supermarket 

    D. They can remember things and learn from experience 

    E. Obviously fish are just a kind of vegetables

    F. If they were very smart, they wouldn’t get caught   

    G. Don’t they feel guilty while eating their fish

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    科目：高中英语 来源：安徽省期中题 题型：阅读理解

    阅读理解。

         F . Scott Fitzgerald, born on September 24,1896, an American novelist, was once a student
    of St.Paul Academy, the Newman School and attended Princeton. University for a short while.
    In 1917 he joined the army and was posted in Alabama, where he met his future wife Zelda
    Sayre. Then he had to make some money to impress her.
         His life with her was full of great happiness, as he wrote in his diary:" My own happiness in
    the past often got such joy that I could share it even with the person dearest to me but had to
    walk it away in quiet streets and take down parts of it in my diary."
         This side of paradise, his first novel, was published in 1920. Encouraged by its success,
    Fitzgerald began to devote more time to his writing. Then he continued with the novel the
    Beautiful and Damned (1922), a collection of short stories Thales of the Jazz Age (1922),
    and a play The Vegetable (1923). But his greatest success was the novel The Great Gatsby,
    published in 1925, which quick brought him praise from the literary world. Yet it failed to give
    him the needed financial security. Then, in 1926, he published another collection of short stories
    All the Sad Young Men.
         However, Fitzgerald's problems with his wife Zelda had an effect on his writing. During the
    1920s he tried to reorder his life, but failed. By 1930, his wife had her first breakdown and
    went to a Swiss clinic. During this period he completed novels Tender Is the Night in 1934
    and The love of the last Tycoon in 1940. While his wife was in hospital in the United States,
    he got totally addicted to(沉迷于) alcohol. Sheila Graham, his dear friend, helped him fight
    his alcoholism.

    1. How many novels written by Fitzgerald are mentioned in the passage ?
    A. 5      
    B. 6        
    C. 7        
    D. 8
    2. Which of the following is the correct order to describe Fitzgerald's life according to the passage?
    a. He became addicted to drinking.
    b. He studied at St.Paul Academy.
    c. He published his first novel This Side of Paradise.
    d. The Great Gatsby won high praise.
    e. He failed to reorder his life.
    f. He joined the army and met Zelda.
    A. f-c-e-a-b-d    
    B. b-e-a-f-c-d    
    C. f-d-e-c-b-a  
    D. b-f-c-d-e-a
    3. We can infer from the passage that Fitzgerald            .
    A. had made some money when he met Zelda in Alabama.
    B. was well educated and well off before he served in the army
    C. would have completed more works if his wife hadn't broken down
    D. helped his friend get rid of drinking while his wife was in hospital
    4. The passage is probably followed by a concluding paragraph about          .
    A. Zelda's personal life
    B. Zelda's illness and treatment
    C. Fitzgerald's friendship with Graham
    D. Fitzgerald's contributions to the literary world

    查看答案和解析>>

    科目：高中英语 来源：福建省高考真题 题型：阅读理解

    阅读理解。
         F. Scott Fitzgerald, born on September 24, 1896, an American novelist, was once a student of St. Paul
    Academy, the Newman School and attended Princeton. University for a short while. In 1917 he joined the
    army and was posted in Alabama, where he met his future wife Zelda Sayre. Then he had to make some
    money to impress her.
         His life with her was full of great happiness, as he wrote in his diary:"My own happiness in the past often
    approached such joy that I could share it even with the person dearest to me but had to walk it away in quiet
    streets and take down parts of it in my diary."
         This side of paradise, his first novel, was published in 1920. Encouraged by its success, Fitzgerald began
    to devote more time to his writing. Then he continued with the novel the Beautiful and Damned (1922), a
    collection of short stories Thales of the Jazz Age (1922), and a play The Vegetable (1923). But his greatest
    success was The Great Gatsby, published in 1925, which quick brought him praise from the literary world.
    Yet it failed to give him the needed financial security. Then, in 1926, he published another collection of short
    stories All the Sad Young Men.
         However, Fitzgerald's problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing. During the 1920s he tried to
    reorder his life, but failed. By 1930, his wife had her first breakdown and went to a Swiss clinic. During this
    period he completed novels Tender Is the Night in 1934 and The Love of the Last Tycoon in 1940. while his
    wife was in hospital in the United States, he got totally addicted to alcohol. Sheila Graham, his dear friend,
    helped him fight his alcoholism.
    1. How many novels written by Fitzgerald are mentioned in the passage?
    [     ]
    A. 5
    B. 6
    C. 7
    D. 8
    2. Which of the following is the correct order to describe Fitzgerald's life according to the passage?
         a. He became addicted to drinking.
         b. He studied at St. Paul Academy.
         c. He published his first novel This Side of Paradise.
         d. The Great Gatsby won high praise.
         e. He failed to reorder his life.
         f. He joined the army and met Zelda.
    [     ]
    A. f-c-e-a-b-d
    B. b-e-a-f-c-d
    C. f-d-e-c-b-a
    D. b-f-c-d-e-a
    3. We can infer from the passage that Fitzgerald _____.
    [     ]
    A. had made some money when he met Zelda in Alabama
    B. was well educated and well off before he served in the army
    C. would have completed more works if his wife hadn't broken down
    D. helped his friend get rid of drinking while his wife was in hospital
    4. The passage is probably followed by a concluding paragraph about _____.
    [     ]
    A. Zelda's personal life
    B. Zelda's illness and treatment
    C. Fitzgerald's friendship with Graham
    D. Fitzgerald's contributions to the literary world

    查看答案和解析>>

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