根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 1
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 2 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 3
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 4 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night`s, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 5 “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.
A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
科目：高中英语 来源：2017年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（全国卷2正式版） 题型：书面表达
假定你是李华，想邀请邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸（paper-cutting）艺术展。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1.展览时间、地点；
2.展览内容。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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科目：高中英语 来源：甘肃省天水市2016-2017学年高二下学期第二学段考试英语试卷 Word版含答案 题型：阅读理解
There are many superstitions(迷信) in Britain, but one of the most widelyheld is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder—even if it means stepping off the pavement into a busy street!
①Walking under a ladder
If you must walk under a ladder you can avoid bad luck by crossing your fingers and keeping them crossed until you've seen a dog. Alternatively, you must lick your finger and make a cross on the toe of your shoe, and not look again at the shoe until the mark has dried.
②Umbrella
Another common superstition is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house—it will either bring misfortune to the person that opened it or to the household. The superstition could date from the old time when its purpose was to act as a sunshade. If opened indoors, it might be considered to be an attack on the sun. Anyone opening an umbrella indoors in fine weather is unpopular, as it inevitably brings rain!
③Number 13
The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month falls on a Friday, anyone wishing to avoid an inauspicious event had better stay indoors.
④Seven years bad luck
The worst misfortune that can befall you is caused by breaking a mirror, as it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to have originated in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.
⑤Black cat
In the UK, black cats are generally considered lucky in the UK, even though they are connected with witchcraft(巫术)：You are said to be lucky if a black cat crosses your path.
1.Which experience is considered to be lucky according to the passage?
A. walking under a ladder
B. opening an umbrella in the house
C. breaking a mirror
D. a black cat crossing your path
2.Which of the followings is RIGHT in UK according to the passage?
A. Opening an umbrella in the rain is not acceptable or unpopular.
B. Black cats are generally considered unlucky because they have something with witchcraft.
C. Bad luck brought by walking under a ladder cannot be avoided using certain ways.
D. If you are to open a clothes store on May 13 in Britain, you had better change the date.
3.Which two superstitions are related to history?
A. ①② B. ②④
C. ④⑤ D. ③④
4.It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. breaking a mirror will cause bad luck because it shows your disrespect(不敬)for the God
B. crossing your fingers and keeping them crossed can help avoid bad luck brought by walking under a ladder
C. number 13 is always unlucky in any situation
D. opening an umbrella indoors might be considered to be an attack on the sun
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科目：高中英语 来源：辽宁省鞍山市2016-2017学年高一下学期期中考试英语试卷 题型：阅读理解
The most exciting storms are the ones with flashes of lightning.Unfortunately,those are scarce,unless you are near the Catatumbo River in Northwestern Venezuela.Here,nature's grandest sound and light show is often seen, because it happens about 160 nights a year.And it lasts for as long as 10 hours at a time.And unlike other lightning storms that cause just one or two flashes,this one is with as many as 280 per hour.It is the highest in the world. Besides,each one of them is so powerful that each can power every light bulb in South America.Not surprisingly,they can be seen for almost 250 miles.Fishermen and sailors often use them to guide them across the waters during dark nights.
What's even more surprising is that the lightning has been happening above the same spot where the Catatumbo River meets Lake Maracaibo for thousands of years.The best part is that the show is different every night.That's because the color of the lightning changes,depending on the amount of water in the atmosphere.On dry nights,the lightning appears white.When the air is not dry,it helps split up the bright light into red,orange and even purple.
Strangely enough,though this has been going on for centuries,scientists have still not been able to figure out the cause of this phenomenon.Some say that the storms are the result of the interaction of the area's unusual topography（地貌）,wind and heat.Others,however,believe that the storms are caused by a kind of gas in the area.The locals simply think that it is the "spirit of Catatumbo" that lights up the night sky.
1.According to Paragraph 1,if we say something is scarce,we probably mean .
A. it is far away B. it is very terrible
C. it can be hardly seen D. it can be very dangerous
2.We know that in Northwestern Venezuela, .
A. people daren't go out at night
B. it rains heavily almost every day
C. lightning is used to power light bulbs
D. storms with flashes of lightning are common
3.What has the greatest influence on the colors of the lightning?
A. The spot of the lightning
B. The air of the lightning spot
C. The color of the environment
D. The level of water in the Catatumbo River
4.From the last paragraph,we learn that .
A. scientists will no longer study the lightning storms there
B. locals know about the lightning storms better than scientists
C. heat in Northwestern Venezuela is different from any other place
D. the reason why such lightning storms happen there is still unknown
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（北京卷正式版） 题型：完形填空
Hannah Taylor is a schoolgirl from Manitoba, Canada. One day, when she was five years old, she was walking with her mother in downtown Winnipeg. They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. Hannah was very 37 .She couldn't understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food. Hannah started to think about how she could 38 ,but,of course, there is not a lot one five-year-old can do to solve(解决)the problem of homelessness.
Later,when Hannah attended school, she saw another homeless person. It was a woman, 39 an old shopping trolley（购物车）which was piled with 40 . It seemed that everything the woman owned was in them. This made Hannah very sad, and even more 41 to do something. She had been talking to her mother about the lives of homeless people 42 they first saw the homeless man. Her mother told her that if she did something to change the problem that made her sad, she wouldn’t 43 as bad.
Hannah began to speak out about the homelessness in Manitoba and then in other provinces. She hoped to 44 her message of hope and awareness. She started the Ladybug Foudation ,an organization aiming at getting rid of homelessness. She began to 45 “Big Bosses” lunches, where she would try to persuade local business leaders to 46 to the cause. She also organized a fundraising(募捐)drive in “Ladybug Jars” to collect everyone’s spare change during “Make Change” month. More recently, the foundation began another 47 called National Red Scarf Day—a day when people donate $20 and wear red scarves in support of Canada`s 48 and homeless.
There is an emergency shelter in Winnipeg called “Hannah`s Place”, something that Hannah is very 49 of. Hannah`s Place is divided into several areas, providing shelter for people when it is so cold that 50 outdoors can mean death. In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities, she has received a lot of 51 . For example, she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the 52 of young people to change the world. But 53 all this, Hannah still has the 54 life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl, except that she pays regular visits to homeless people.
Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a 55 in the world. You can,too!
1.A. jumpingB. eating C. cryingD. waving
2.A. annoyedB. nervousC. ashamedD. upset
3.A. behaveB. manageC. helpD. work
4.A. pushingB. carryingC. buyingD. holding
5.A. goodsB. bottlesC. foodsD. bags
6.A. excitedB. determinedC. energeticD. grateful
7.A. sinceB. unlessC. althoughD. as
8.A. soundB. getC. feelD. look
9.A. exchangeB. leaveC. keep D. spread
10.A. sellB. deliverC. hostD. pack
11.A. contributeB. leadC. applyD. agree
12.A. campaignB. tripC. procedureD. trial
13.A. elderlyB. hungryC. lonelyD. sick
14.A. awareB. afraidC. proudD. sure
15.A. goingB. sleepingC. travelingD. playing
16.A. praisesB. invitationsC. repliesD. appointments
17.A. needsB. interestsC. dreamsD. efforts
18.A. forB. throughC. besidesD. along
19.A. healthyB. publicC. normalD. tough
20.A. choiceB. profitC. judgementD. difference
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（北京卷正式版） 题型：单项填空
In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet.
A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented
C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（江苏卷正式版） 题型：单项填空
The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But _________explanations are hard to find.
A.alternative B.aggressive C.ambiguous D.apparent
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科目：高中英语 来源：内蒙古赤峰市2016-2017学年高二下学期第二次月考英语试卷 题型：七选五
With the development of society, it is common that many people are rushing all the way and all day, tired and sub-healthy.1. She described all the things she had to do--- one was to make her bed ---from the moment she woke up until she flew out of the door for work. I suggested she experiment by not making her bed for two weeks. She was shocked, probably thinking I’d been brought up by wolves in a forest.2.
Two weeks later she went into my office merrily. She had left her bed unmade for the first time in 42 years--- and nothing bad had happened. “And you know what?” she said. “I don’t dry my dishes anymore, either.”
3. One was discovering that she had choices in her life that she had never seen before. The other was giving herself permission to be less than perfect. This story shows an important principle about managing time: no one can do it all. Each of us has to make choices and accept trade-offs(利弊权衡). The problem is that many people choose in ways that put themselves and their health last. They take better care of their houses and cars than they do of themselves.4.
So what is the solution? There’s an easy way. Decide what you want in your life, and put that first. On a daily basis, that should include regular meals, enough sleep and time with your family. Exercise, leisure, friendships and hobbies should also be regular aspects of life. 5. The choice is yours: whatever makes you feel good about yourself and your life. Take a nap. Take a walk. Take time to play the piano. Stop bringing your briefcase home from the office. Stop keeping your house as clean as your mother kept hers. Fill more of your time with want-to-dos instead of have-to-dos.
A. Most people do not take time to relax themselves.
B. The point is to do something for yourself every day.
C. This woman had made two major breakthroughs.
D. A patient came to see me about the stress in her life.
E. Above all, you needn’t do anything for yourself regularly
F.They put everyone else’s needs ahead of their own.
G. However, she went along with my idea.
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