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    6．The term culture now is more used to describe everything from the fine arts to the outlook of a business group or a sports team．In its original sense，however，culture includes all identifying aspects of a racial group，nation，or empire：its physical environment，history，and traditions，its social rules and economic structure，and its religious beliefs and arts．
    The central beliefs and customs of a group are handed down from one generation to another．It is for this reason that most people regard culture as learned rather than innate．People acquire a culture because they are not born with one．The process by which a person develops a taste for regional foods，accented speech，or an outlook on the world over time，therefore，is known as enculturation （文化适应）．
    Cultures are often identified by their symbols-images that are familiar and coated with meaning．Totem poles （图腾柱） carved with animals and creative figures suggest aspects of the Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest but more literally represent specific tribes （部落）．In Asia and India，the color of yellow is connected with temples while in ancient China it was a color only the emperor's family was allowed to wear．Thus，different cultures may respond to a symbol quite differently．For example，to some a flag may represent pride，historical accomplishments，or ideals； to others，however，it can mean danger or oppression．
    To individuals unfamiliar with cultures outside their own，the beliefs，behaviors，and artistic expression of other groups can seem strange and even threatening．A society that ranks all other cultures against its own standards is considered to be ethnocentric （from the Greek ethnos，meaning"people，"and kentros，meaning"center"）．A strongly ethnocentric society assumes also that what is different from its own culture is likely to be inferior and，possibly，wrong or evil．
    All people are ethnocentric to some degree，and some aspects of ethnocentrism，such as national pride，contribute to a well-functioning society．An appreciation for one's own culture，however，does not prevent acceptance and respect for another culture．History documents the long-term vigour and success of multicultural groups in which people from numerous and various cultural backgrounds live and work together．Extreme ethnocentrism，in contrast，can lead to racism-the belief that it is race and racial origin that account for variations in human character or ability and that one's own race is superior to all others．

    74．What does the word"innate"in Paragraph 2 most probably mean？A
    A．Instinctive．
    B．Developed．
    C．Believable．
    D．Cultivated．
    75．Which of the following is true according to the passage？A
    A．Different interpretations of a symbol help to distinguish one culture from another．
    B．An ethnocentric country opens welcoming arms to cultures different from its own．
    C．Culture consists of some positive features of a racial group，nation or empire．
    D．People from various cultural backgrounds often reach an agreement on some image．
    76．What can be inferred from the passage？C
    A．All aspects of ethnocentrism can produce negative effects on a society．
    B．Racism is unlikely to bring about serious conflicts among different cultures．
    C．Respect and acceptance of different cultures are a proper cultural attitude．
    D．Countries with a strong sense of national pride play a superior role in the world．
    77．Which might be the best title of the passage？D
    A．Culture，the origin of racial superiority
    B．Culture，a faithful mirror of history
    C．Culture，the vigour of world development   
    D．Culture，a distinctive identity of a nation．

    分析 作者通过讲述文化的定义，告诉读文化是一个民族的独特身份．

    解答 74-77  AACD
    74    A  猜测 词义题  根据第二段learned和rather than而不是，可知选A．
    75   A    细节题，根据第三段的Cultures are often identified by their symbols-images that are familiar and coated with meaning．可知文化经常被他们的symbols-images所识别，他们熟悉并覆盖着意义故选A．
    76    C   推断题．根据文章最后一段An appreciation for one's own culture，however，does not prevent acceptance and respect for another culture可知对自己的文化的欣赏并不妨碍对另一种文化的接受和尊重，这是一种文化态度，故选C．
    77    D    概括题．通读全文可知作者通过讲述文化的定义，告诉读文化是一个民族的独特身份．故选D．

    点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

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