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    .
    Part Ⅰ starts with a brief introductory chapter and then takes up Style and Organization, covering them in that order because skill or lack of skill in style affects all writing, while much technical writing is so short as to offer no problems of organization. These chapters are followed by one on Mechanics, covering matters of form that are peculiar(独有) to technical writing or else crop up in it with abnormal frequency.
    The chapter on Special Problems, which follows, performs a double function. It provides writing assignments that may be used while the study of style, organization, and mechanics is still under way, and it explains ways of handling certain problems that may arise during the writing of reports, proposals, and other longer forms. We have also expanded the treatment of technical articles — recognizing the potential contribution of article writing to the career of the writer and the value of the article to science and technology.
    In Part Ⅱ, a change of emphasis at one point is reflected in the new title for Chapter 8, Nonformal Reports — Their Variation in Form and Purpose, which was formerly called Special Types of Reports. Though certain special types of reports are still discussed, additional emphasis is given to the fact that there does not exist any universally accepted set of types, under which all reports can be classified.
    Two other extensive changes have been made in Part Ⅱ: The chapter on Proposals, which first appeared in the second edition, has been rewritten and substantially expanded so as to cover that important subject more thoroughly. Also, an entirely new chapter, Oral Presentation of Technical Information, has been added. Though a study of this chapter is no substitute for training in public speaking, we believe that its recommendations can nevertheless be of substantial assistance to those who use this book on the numerous occasions when they will be called upon to present their ideas in person before a small group or a large audience.
    ?1.The passage is most probably a preface to ____.
    ?A. a technical writing handbook   B. a handbook on composition
    ?C. a book on a literary writing    D. a scientific paper
    2. In Part I, the writer arranges the chapters in the order of ____.
    ? A. Introduction—Organization—Special Problems—Style—Nonformal Reports
    ? B. Introduction—Style—Organization—Special Types of Reports—Mechanics
    ? C. Introduction—Style—Organization—Mechanics—Special Problems
    ? D. Introduction—Style—Proposals—Special Problems—Mechanics
    ?3.You can find some writing exercises in ____.
    ? A. the chapter on Organization        B. the chapter on Style
    ? C. the chapter on Special Problems     D. the chapter on Proposals
    ?4. According to the passage, the chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information appears in ____ of the book.
    ? A. Part Ⅰ of the first edition
    ? B. Part Ⅱ of the second edition
    ? C. Part Ⅰ of the second edition
    ? D. Part Ⅱ of the third edition
    ?5. Which of the following is not true of Part Ⅱ of the new edition?
    ? A. There isn’t the chapter on Special Types of Reports.
    ? B. The chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information is rewritten and expanded.
    ? C. The chapter on Proposals is a revised chapter.
    ? D. There is a change of the title of Chapter 8.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


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    Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called "rem". Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged; the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage - a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will no be discovered until the birth of abnormal children or even grandchildren.
    Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far.
    1. According to the first paragraph, the atmosphere is essential to man in that ____.
    A. it protects him against the harmful rays from space
    B. it provides sufficient light for plant growth
    C. it supplies the heat necessary for human survival
    D. it screens off the falling meteors
    2. We know from the passage that ____.
    A. exposure to even tiny amounts of radiation is deadly
    B. the effect of exposure to radiation is slow in coming
    C. radiation is avoidable in space exploration
    D. astronauts in spacesuits needn't worry about radiation damage
    3. The harm radiation has done to the Apollo crew members ____
    A. is significant            B. seems overestimated
    C. is enormous             D. remains unknown
    4. It can be inferred from the passage that ____.
    A. the Apollo mission was very successful
    B. protection from space radiation is no easy job
    C. astronauts will have deformed children or grandchildren
    D. radiation is not a threat to well-protected space explorers
    45. The best title for this passage would be ____.
    A. The Atmosphere and Our Environment   B. Research on Radiation
    C. Effects of Space Radiation             D. Importance of Protection Against Radiation

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题;每小题2.5分，满分50分）
    阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
    Proper arrangement of classroom space is important to encouraging interaction. Most of us have noticed how important physical setting is to efficiency and comfort in our work. College classroom space should be designed to encourage the activity of critical thinking.
    We have entered the 21st century, but step into almost any college classroom and you step back in time at least a hundred years. Desks are normally in straight rows, so students can clearly see the teacher but not all their classmates. The message behind such an arrangement is obvious. Everything of importance comes from the teacher.
    With a little imagination and effort, unless desks are fixed to the floor, the teacher can correct this situation and create space that encourage interchange among students. In small or standard-size classes, chairs, desks, and tables can be arranged in a variety of ways. The primary goal should be for everyone to be able to see everyone else. Large classes, particularly those held in lecture halls, unfortunately, allow much less flexibility.
    Arrangement of the classroom should also make it easy to divide students into small groups for discussion or problem-solving exercises. Small classes with movable desks and tables present no problem. Even in large lecture halls, it is possible for students to turn around and form groups of four to six. Breaking a class into small groups provides more opportunities for students to interact with each other, think out loud, and see how other students’ thinking processes operate all essential elements in developing new modes of critical thinking.
    In courses that regularly use a small group format, students might be asked to stay in the same small groups throughout the course. A colleague of mine, John, allows students to move around during the first two weeks, until they find a group they are comfortable with. John then asks them to stay in the same seat, with the same group, from that time on. This not only creates a comfortable setting for interaction but helps him learn students’ names and faces.
    1. The primary purpose of desk rearrangement is _______.
    A. for the teacher to divide students into small groups.
    B. to make it possible for students to interact with each other.
    C. for the teacher to find out how students think.
    D. to give students more opportunities to practice speaking.
    2. The expression “step back in time at least a hundred years” in Paragraph 2 is intended to convey the idea that _______.
    A. there is not much change in educational idea over the past hundred years
    B. critical thinking was encouraged even a century ago
    C. college classrooms often remind people of their college life
    D. a hundred years ago, desk arrangement in a classroom was quite different
    3. The greatest advantage in allowing each student to find his own group might be that________
    A. learning is made comfortable in this way
    B. the teacher can easily remember students’ names and faces
    C. the teacher saves the trouble in doing that
    D. brighter students can help slower ones.
    4. It is implied in the passage that ______.
    A. students are allowed to changed groups throughout the course in John’s class
    B. classroom interaction between students is essential to the teachers
    C. a comfortable environment leads to higher working efficiency
    D. new kinds of desks and chairs should be made
    5. The author mentioned John in the last paragraph in order to ________
    A. create a comfortable setting for interaction
    B. introduce an approach of learning students’ names and faces easily
    C. give an example that students stay in the same seat throughout the course.
    D. describe a good seat-arrangement mode in courses with small group format.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：完形填空

    完形填空 (共10小题; 每小题2分, 满分20分)
    阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21-30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项, 并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。 
    Children find meanings in their old family tales.   
    When Stephen Guyer’s three children were growing up, he told them stories about how his grandfather, a banker,    21   all in the 1930s, but did not lose sight of what he valued most. In one of the darkest times when his strong-minded grandfather was nearly   22    , he loaded his family into the car and   23    them to see family members in Canada with a   24   ,“There are more important things in life than money. ”  
    The  25   took on a new meaning recently when Mr. Guyer downsized to a   26    house from a more expensive and comfortable one. He was   27   that his children, a daughter, 15, and twins, 22, would be upset. To his surprise, they weren’t. Instead, their reaction echoed（共鸣）their great-grandfather’s. What they   28    was how warm the people were in the house.K   Many parents are finding family stories have surprising power to help children through hard times. Storytelling experts say the phenomenon reflects a growing  29     in telling tales, evidenced by a rise in a storytelling events and festivals.  
    A university   30    of 65 families with children aged from 14 to 16 found kids’ ability to retell parents’ stories was linked to a lower rate of anger and anxiety.  
    21. A. missed       B. lost           C. forgot        D. ignored
    22. A. friendless           B. worthless          C. penniless  D. homeless
    23. A. fetched      B. allowed   C. expected  D. took
    24. A. hope           B. promise   C. suggestion        D. belief
    25. A. tale            B. agreement      C. arrangement            D. report
    26. A. large           B. small        C. new          D. grand
    27. A. surprised    B. annoyed   C. disappointed    D. worried
    28. A. talked about      B. cared about      C. wrote about     D. heard about
    29. A. argument   B. skill           C. interest    D. anxiety
    30. A. study          B. design      C. committee     D. staff

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    A low-carbon lifestyle means cutting carbon dioxide emissions and living a life characterized by low-energy use, low consumption and low spending. This way of living is being accepted by a growing number of average people in China.
    Before low-carbon became a popular word here, some environmentally conscious people known as "Lohas" had already devoted themselves to living green, low-carbon lifestyles. Lohas is for "lifestyles of health and sustainability." It was first introduced in 1998 by American sociologist Paul Ray and later became a popular lifestyle in western countries. After this concept was introduced into China a few years ago, Lohas was translated into a proper Chinese word "lehuo," meaning happy living.
    Zhang Tao from a joint venture in Beijing is a Lohas supporter and follower. He and some others set up a Lohas club two years ago. They often get together to share their experiences about living green lifestyles or to volunteer for environmental protection activities.
    Zhang says Lohas is both a lifestyle and an attitude towards life rather than just a fashion or slogan.
    "A Lohas lifestyle means a natural and healthy life with low costs. We don't drive cars, and we try our best to save water and electricity. Some people misunderstand us as being too stingy. But in fact, most of us are well-paid. We don't do it to save money, but for the sake of the environment. Living a rich life doesn't mean you can waste resources. We hope what we do can help save energy and reduce the pressures on earth. I know our personal strength is too small, but the changes will be great if everyone can make a little contribution."
    64. A low-carbon lifestyle has the following features except_______.
    A. low energy     B. low wages     C. low consumption   D. low spending
    65. A Lohas is most likely to_______.
    A. drive a car to work every day   B. save money to live a better life
    C. turn off the tap when not using   D. leave the light on day and night
    66. What does the word “stingy” mean in the last paragraph?
    A. generous               B. mean              C. rich                D. willing
    67. In Zhangtao’s opinion, _________.
    A. Lohas is just a fashion or form     B. one shouldn’t get well paid
    C. one should live a happy life             D. environment protection depends on everyone

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    In 1993, researchers at the University of California at Irvine discovered the so – called “Mozart Effect” – that college students who listened to ten minutes of Mozart’s Sonata for Two Pianos in D major (D大调) before taking an IQ test scored nine points higher than when they had sat in silence or listened to relaxation tapes. Other studies also have indicated that people gain information better if they hear classical or baroque (a style of art) music while studying.
    It is said that Albert Einstein was an average student until he began playing the violin. "Before that, he had a hard time expressing what he knew," says Hazel Cheilek, orchestra director at Fairfax County's Thomas Jefferson High School. “Einstein said he got some of his greatest inspirations while playing the violin. It liberated his brain so that he could imagine." In the early 1700s, England's King George I also felt he would make better decisions if he listened to good music. Reportedly, Handel responded by composing his Water Music suites to be played while the king floated the Thames on his royal boat. Even Plato in ancient Greece believed studying music created a sense of order and harmony necessary for intelligent thought.
    The deepest effects take place in young children, while their brains are growing. This year, the same researchers at Irvine’s Center for Neurobiology of Leaming and Memory found that preschoolers who had received eight months of music lessons scored 80 percent higher on certain tasks than other youngsters who received no musical training.
    Music students continue to beat their non – arts peers (同龄人) on the SAT, according to the 1999 “Profiles of SAT and Achievement Test Takers” from The College Board. Students with coursework in music appreciation scored 42 points higher on the math section of the test than students with no coursework or experience in the arts.
    All of this to say "you are the judge" but listening to Mozart certainly won't hurt you. My point always is that making music is preferable to passive listening and that listening to live music is always preferable to listening to recorded music. Mozart WILL NOT raise your IQ, but it might help you organize your thoughts better before taking a standardized test.
    63．When people mention Albert Einstein, King George I and Plato, they believe that the effect of music is_______.
    A．positive    B．negative    C．suspicious D．sensitive
    64．So far researchers at the University of California at Irvine have done studies about_______.
    A．college students who listen to rock music every day
    B．people who hear classical music while studying
    C．preschoolers with music lessons
    D．music students in SAT
    65．Which of the following is an opinion rather than a fact?
    A．Handel composed Water Music to be played while the kind floated the Thames on his boat.
    B．Mozart might help you organize your thought better before taking a standardized test.
    C．Preschoolers with music training scored higher on object – assembly tasks.
    D．Music students continue to beat their non – arts peers on the SAT.
    66．What is the author’s opinion about music?
    A．He thinks that listening to music is better than making music.
    B．He has a doubt whether listening to Mozart will hurt the listeners.
    C．He is sure that listening to the music of Mozart will raise people’s IQ.
    D．He thinks that live concert is better worth listening to than recorded music.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    .
    For generations of pupils, learning key historical dates, places, and names off by heart has been the base of academic success. But for today’s youngsters, dull rote learning(死记硬背) is meaningless because such basic facts are only a mouse click via Google, Wikipedia and online libraries, according to writer Don Tapscott.
    Tapscott, author of the best-selling book Wikinomics and a supporter of the “net generation”, suggests a better approach would be to teach children to think creatively so they could learn to understand and use the knowledge available online.
    He said, “Teachers are no longer the fountain(源泉) of knowledge ; the Internet is. Kids should learn about history to understand the world and why things are the way they are. But they don’t need to know all the dates.”
    Tapscott dismissed(摒弃) the idea that his approach is anti-learning. Instead, he argued that the ability to learn new things is more important than ever in a world where you have to process new information at lighting speed. And he believes that the old-fashioned model of education still common in today’s schools, involving having facts off pat, was designed for the industrial age. He said, “This might have been good for the mass production economy, but it isn’t suitable for the digital economy, or for the ‘net generation’ mind. Children are going to have to reinvent their knowledge base many times. So for them memorizing facts and figures is a waste of time.”
    Tapscott added the brains of today’s youngsters work differently to their parents’, and that multi tasking with digital equipment, such as using the Internet while listening to their MP3 players, can help them to develop critical thinking skills.
    Schools are increasingly introducing more independent study and activities, with pupils learning at their own pace and focusing on what interests them most.
    68. What is important for the “net generation” in Tapscott’s opinion?
    A. Using online knowledge creatively.
    B. Memorizing facts and figures.
    C. Learning to respect teachers.
    D. Teaching their parents to think creatively.
    69. The underlined part “having facts off pat” in Para. 4 probably means _______.
    A. understanding online information
    B. remembering facts clearly
    C. mastering digital equipment
    D. keeping mistakes in mind
    70. According to Tapscott, _______.
    A. learning history is of no use to kids
    B. Teachers should learn more things from online libraries
    C. Kids should not listen to MP3 players while using the Internet
    D. to obtain new information is important for kids

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    .
    Some schools that are not year-round often have summer programs. In many cases, students take summer classes to repeat a subject they failed. This way they get a second chance to succeed. But schools also offer summer classes to students who want to be free of a required class during the next school year.
    Generally, students in these classes want to take fewer subjects during the year because they are involved in a lot of activities. They might be involved in sports or music programs. Or both – and more.
    These summer school students do the same amount of work as if they took the class during the school year. But they do it in a much shorter time, one or two months. They say it makes for a lot of reading and homework and not much time for anything else. Some education experts are worried about high school students who take summer school because of pressure to attend a top university.
    The New York Times recently reported about summer classes at one of the best high schools in the United States. New Trier High School is in Winnetka, Illinois. Almost six hundred students are in school this summer. Only twenty are repeating classes that they failed. The others are in difficult courses like physics and history.
    The students say taking classes like these in the summer means that they can take even more difficult classes next year. They say this shows not only that they are serious about their studies but that they have experienced the most difficult high school program.
    Another place with a lot of students in summer school is Palo Alto, California. The Mercury News reported that about twenty percent of the students in the city schools are in class this summer. That is more than two thousand teenagers.
    A third are in classes they failed before. The others are taking subjects they do not have time for during the normal school year.
    But they are not taking subjects like physics and history. The students in Palo Alto are in classes like creative writing, film studies, literature and cooking.
    63. This passage mainly talks about ______.
    A. summer classes in American schools
    B. why American schools offer summer classes
    C. the advantages of American summer school
    D. experts’ anxiety(担忧)about American summer school
    64. Which of the following is NOT the reason for the students’ attending summer classes in America?
    A.Repeating a subject.           
    B.Completing a required subject ahead of time.
    C.Improving their physical quality    
    D.Learning some special skills
    65. What’s the biggest difference between the summer classes in New Trier High School and in Palo Alto?
    A.There are more students attending classes that they failed before in Palo Alto.
    B.Some students in Palo Alto learn some special skills instead of taking physics and history.
    C.Some students in Palo Alto take some subjects so that they can join in sports or music programs later.
    D.The students’ attitude towards studies in Palo Alto is worse than that in New Trier High School.
    66. What can we infer from the passage?
    A.American students in schools don’t have any pressure to attend top universities.
    B.Summer school students don’t do the same amount of work as they do during the school year.
    C. American students attend summer schools in order to relax themselves very much.
    D. American students in high schools face great pressure to attend top universities.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    The world of the science-fiction 3-D film Avatar is so perfect that the line between fact and fiction has become somewhat blurred (模糊) .
    Movie-goers have admitted being annoyed by depression at not being able to visit the planet Pandora. Set in the future when Earth's resources have been used up, director James Cameron's film tells the story of a company trying to exploit a rare mineral on a new planet. The humans clash with the natives — a peace-loving race of 7-foot-tall, blue-skinned creatures called the Na'vi, who exist in perfect harmony with nature.
    Fans have flooded the Internet with their confused feelings. On the site Avatar Forums (论坛), the topic "Ways to deal with the depression of the dream of Pandora not being able to come true" has more than 1,000 posts. In a similar forum, Louis, one user, wrote: "When I woke up this morning after watching Avatar for the first time yesterday, the world seemed grey. It just seems so meaningless. I still don't really see any reason to keep doing things at all. I live in a dying world." On the Avatar site Naviblue, a fan calling himself Jorba has even asked others to join him in starting a real Na'vi tribe.
    This fantasy world, with its wonderful plants and animal life, is brought to life by using impressive special effects. Many people believe that 2010 is the breakthrough year for the technology helped by 3-D movies such as Avatar. "It has taken the best of our technology to create this virtual world and real life will never be as perfect as it seems on screen. It makes real life seem more imperfect."
    66. What is the best title of the text?   
    A. A blockbuster movie: Avatar
    B. The Avatar effect: movie-goers feel depressed after watching Avatar
    C. 2010: a breakthrough year for. 3-D movies
    D. Pandora: a perfect world
    67. We can infer that Louis___________after watching the film Avatar.  
    A. will cherish his present life more
    B. feels disappointed about the real world
    C. will intend to create a real Na'vi tribe
    D. is proud of living on the earth
    68. Thanks to the success of Av'atar, ___________.  
    A. 3-D technology will probably develop quickly in 2010
    B. most people look forward to living on another planet
    C. many more science-fiction films will be made in the coming years
    D. people have become more realistic about life
    69. The underlined word "virtual" probably means___________.       
    A. unreal         C. true         B. perfect       D. practical
    70. According to the passage the natives on the planet are___________ 
    A. not harmony with the nature    B. blue-haired race
    C. peace-loving creatures         D. fond of fighting with human race

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