Question

15．The more time scientists spend designing computers，the more they wonder at human brain．Tasks that puzzle the most advanced supercomputer-recognizing a face，reading a handwritten note-are just child's play for the 3-pound organ（器官）．Most important，unlike any ordinary computer，the brain can learn from its mistakes．Researchers have tried for years to program computers to imitate the brain's abilities，but without success．
Now a growing number of designers believe they have the answer：if a computer is to work more like a person and less like an over-grown calculator，it must be built more like a brain，which distributes information across a vast interconnected web of nerve cells or neurons．
Ordinary computers work by following a chainlike sequence of detailed instructions．Although very fast，their processors can perform only one task at a time．This approach works best in solving problems that can be broken down into simpler logical pieces．The processors in a neural-network computer，by contrast，form a network much like the nerve cells in the brain．Since these artificial neurons are interconnected，they can share information and perform tasks at the same time．This two-dimensional approach works best at recognizing patterns．
Instead of programming a neural-network computer to make decisions，its maker trains it to recognize patterns in any solution to a problem by repeatedly feeding examples to the machine．Neural networks come in all shapes and sizes．Until now most existed as software simulatio ns （模拟品） because redesigning computer chips took a lot of time and money．By experimenting with different approaches through software rather than hardware，scientists have been able to avoid costly （昂贵的） mistakes．
56．It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that the most advanced supercomputerD．
A．can recognize a face and read a handwritten note
B．can learn from its mistakes
C．weighs only 3 pounds
D．can't distribute information across an interconnected web of nerve cells
57．An ordinary computer can usually do the following except thatD．
A．it must be programmed before it works
B．it can only solve one problem at a time
C．it is good at solving problems that can be broken down into simpler logical pieces
D．it is trained to make decisions
58．The main feature of a neural-network computer is thatA．
A．its processors act as an interconnected web of neurons
B．it is programmed to make decisions
C．its networks are of all shapes and sizes
D．its neurons are artificial
59．What does"this two-dimensional approach"in the third paragraph refer to？C
A．the conventional computer and the neural computer．
B．making decisions and recognizing patterns．
C．sharing information and performing tasks．
D．the computer and the human brain．
60．Scientists use software rather than hardware in their experiments becauseB．   
A．it can avoid redesigning computer chips      
B．it can save a lot of time and money   
C．it can avoid making mistakes             
D．it is more like the human brain．

Answer 1

分析 本文是一篇科教类阅读，主要介绍了一种不同于普通电脑的神经网络电脑．

解答 56-60．DDACB
56题答案：D考查细节推理，根据第二段最后一句it must be built more like a brain，which distributes information across a vast interconnected web of nerve cells or neurons．它（超级电脑）应该被做得更像人脑--人脑可以在一张巨大的神经细胞或神经元互联网中分配信息．可知目前超级电脑还无法做到这一点，故本题答案为D选项．
57题答案：D考查细节推理，根据文章第三段的Ordinary computers work by following a chainlike sequence of detailed instructions．Although very fast，their processors can perform only one task at a time．This approach works best in solving problems that can be broken down into simpler logical pieces．普通电脑是按照链条顺序式的详细指示工作．虽然很快，但是一次只能处理一个任务．这种方法在解决那些能够被分解为简单逻辑碎片的问题时表现最佳．可知A、B、C选项都有提及，故本题答案为D选项．
58题答案：A考查细节推理，根据文章倒数第二段的The processors in a neural-network computer，by contrast，form a network much like the nerve cells in the brain．相比之下，神经网络电脑中的处理器形成了一张很像大脑中的神经细胞网络．故本题答案为A选项．
59题答案：C考查细节推理，根据前面的Since these artificial neurons are interconnected，they can share information and perform tasks at the same time．因为这些人造的神经元是互联的，所以它们能够同时分享信息和执行任务．故本题答案为C选项．
60题答案：B考查细节推理，By experimenting with different approaches through software rather than hardware，scientists have been able to avoid costly （昂贵的） mistakes．通过使用软件而不是硬件来进行各种不同的试验方法，科学家能够避免昂贵的错误．可知本题答案为B选项．

点评 本文是一篇科教类阅读，题目涉及多道细节理解题，做题时结合原文和题目有针对 性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的答案．