Desert plants fall into two sorts according to the way they deal with the problem of surviving drought．There are the drought—avoiders—those which persist（存留） only as seeds, ready to spring up when it rains, to flower quickly and produce another crop of seeds, and to die again．There are also the drought—resisters—those which have evolved various methods for strong water, locating underground water, or reducing their need for water by such devices as shedding their leaves．The drought—resisters are perennials(多年生植物),they manage to live from one rainy season to another, slowly growing bigger and bigger．Of these, the succulents(肉质的) is a small but interesting fraction(小部分)．They may store water in their leaves, in their stems, or in underground containers．
In the American deserts the best—known succulents are the cacti(仙人掌)．They come in a wide range of sizes, from 50—foot tall giant saguaros(树形仙人掌) to tiny round cacti about the size of a thumb—nail．They take thick, cylindrical(圆柱体的) or even spherical forms, thereby exposing a minimum of evaporating surface to the air and light．They are leafless, except in youth, and then the leaves are small．Typically their surfaces are spiny, discouraging thirsty animals, and channeled like an accordion(手风琴), so the fleshy stem may expand quickly when the plant drinks and contract slowly as it uses up the water．The root system is widespread and shallow, with good reason; only about 3 per cent of the rain that falls on the desert penetrates to any significant depth into soil．
1．The passage classifies（将……分类） the desert plants according to
___ ．
A．the ways they take to deal with the typical climatic condition in desert
B．their shape
C．how they use water
D．when they produce their seeds
2．According to the passage, some desert plants drop their leaves ___ ．
A．because the temperature is too high
B．so that the plants can evaporate less water
C．because they are drought resisters
D．so that the plants can store more water
3．What interests the author most when he or she mentions succulents is that ___ ．
A．they take thick cylindrical or even spherical shape
B．they are best—known in America
C．they have many ways of containing water
D．some of them can be very tiny
4．The passage gives us an impression that ___ ．
A．the desert plants are shaped in a way as if them were designed by somebody on purpose
B．more water is needed in desert so that more desert plants can grow there
C．more lands will be turned into desert if we do not try harder to save water in our daily life
D．the cacti are the most famous desert plants in America
科目：高中英语 来源：设计必修三 英语 人教版 人教版 题型：051
话题链接：China's First Spaceman Yang Liwe
With a Long March-II-F carrier rocket(运载火箭)pushing Shenzhou Ⅴ into the orbit some 300 kilometers away from the Earth Wednesday morning, Yang Liwei, 38, turns out to be China's first astronaut in space．
At 9 am Wednesday(Beijing time), Yang, aboard Shenzhou Ⅴ white in color, took off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on the Gobi desert in northwest China's Gansu province．
He is expected to land somewhere on central Inner Mongolia grassland at 7 a.m．Thursday, after orbiting the earth 14 times．Yang will be traveling some 500 000 kilometers in space in 21 hours, a “traveler's record” in the world's most populous nation with a 5000-year-old civilization(文明)．
When Shenzhou-5 entered orbit on schedule, the ground command center received a message sent by Yang from outer space, saying that “everything goes smoothly”．His name, however, had remained unknown until 5 am Wednesday．At 5 am sharp Wednesday, Yang was seen waving his hands to a group of journalists from inside a glass-shielded(有防护玻璃的)room at the Jiuquan launch center, with two other astronauts sitting beside him as “backups”．Yang, who looked calm, found himself in a shower of camera flashlights．He responded with a broad smile．
In an exclusive(高级)interview with Xinhua, Yang expressed full confidence in China's first manned space flight．
Su Shuangning, director-general and chief designer of the astronaut system under China's manned space program, described Yang as a sober-minded(沉着冷静的)person with a “superb capability of self-control”．
While a fighter pilot, Yang had 1350 hours of flight experience．He was chosen, along with 13 others, from among 1500 pilots for space flight training．Yang's colleagues described him as a man with a good team spirit, a man of dedication(奉献) to his career．Friends at his hometown, Suizhong County of northeast China's Liaoning Province, remember that Yang had dreamed of flying when still a child．Yang was recruited(招募)by the No．2 Aviation College of the PLA Air Force in September 1983 and became a fighter pilot after graduation with bachelor's degree．In 1998, Yang became a member of China's first team of astronauts．Yang, 168 cm tall, is a lieutenant colonel．He has an eight-year-old son, and his wife, Zhang Yumei, also serves in China's space program．
According to Su Shuangning, China's first team of astronauts are all capable of working and living in space thanks to five years of rigid(严格的)physical, psychological and technical training．He said that Yang Liwei was one of the best in the team．
In an Astronaut Training Base in Beijing, China's would-be astronauts had lessons necessary for space flight, including aviation dynamics, air dynamics, geophysics, meteorology, astronomy, space navigation, design principle and structure of rockets and spacecraft, as well as equipment examination．Moreover, they received systematic(系统的)training in space flight in simulators(模拟器)．
“To establish myself as a qualified astronaut, I have studied harder than in my college years and have received training much tougher than for a fighter pilot, ” said Yang．
If the spaceship's re-entry module(模块)could not land at the pre-set areas and the recovery team could not rush to the spot on time, the astronaut must act for self-rescue．“Therefore, survival skills have become one of the most important knowledge for the astronauts to grasp, ”said Su Shuangning．“Through rigorous(严酷的)training, our astronauts have learned how to survive under extreme conditions．”Twenty-five days before the launch of Shenzhou-5, the would-be astronauts started exercising in the real spacecraft at the Jiuquan Launch Center．
“When I boarded the spacecraft for the first time, I couldn't help feeling excited, ” Yang recalled．“I decided that I must fly it．”
At 6∶15 a.m．Wednesday, Yang got seated in the re-entry module of Shenzhou-5, atop a 58.3-meter-high Long March-II-F carrier rocket．Between 1999 and 2002, Long March-II-F carrier rockets were used to launch four unmanned spacecraft into orbit, and all the launches were successful．
想一想：After reading the passage, what made him become successful?What can you learn from him?
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：单选题
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