12.In my early 30s,I used an expired(过期的) student ID to buy discounted movie tickets.I'd tell myself,I'm buying a ticket I wouldn't have otherwise bought.I think many people have done similar things; however,we still think of ourselves as honest citizens.Researchers who study these behaviours believe that character isn't the real reason.We might break the rules under some conditions and in some mind-sets,but not in others.
Years ago,Francesca Gino,a professor at Harvard,and Dan Ariely,a behavioural economist at Duke,wondered if people with higher IQs were more likely to cheat.They found that cleverness wasn't closely connected to dishonesty,but creativity was.The more creative you are,the easier it is to retell the story of what happened when you behaved dishonestly.
Harvard University psychologist Joshua Greene argues in his book Moral Tribe that we may be born without having a clear sense of right and wrong,but our culture sharpens it.If your tribe downloads pirated(盗版)music,you're likely to go with the flow.
Harvard researcher Leslie John,along with two colleagues conducted an experiment.They told volunteers that others in the room were making more money than they were for getting questions right on a test.Guess what happened?That group,which considered itself disadvantaged,cheated more than those who believed that everyone received an equal payment.
The real threat is that rule breaking worsens over time.Behavioural psychology offers a few antidotes.Keep yourself fed and well-rested-we're likelier to bebave badly when hungry or tired.Reflect on how your actions look through others'eyes and see yourselves in a positive light.In a Stanford study,when researchers used the verb cheat-please don't cheat-participants still cheated freely because they felt distanced (疏远)from the act.When the noun was used-don't be a cheater-hardly anyone did.
24.According to Francesca Gino,who are likeliest to break the rules in a company?B
A.Accountants.B.Designers C.Cleaners.D.Typists.
25.Why did volunteers in Leslie John's experiment cheat more than others?C
A.Because they were not as smart as others.
B.Because they thought others cheated too.
C.Because they felt a sense of unfairness.
D.Because they were tired and hungry.
26.The underlined word"antidotes"in the last paragraph canbe replaced byB.
A.explanations.B.solutions C.studies D.novels.
27.What's the best title for the text?A
A.Why people break the rules.
B.How people break the rules.
C.The influence of breaking the rules.
D.Different ways of breaking the rules.
分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了人们为什么要违规并就此问题给出了一些建议.
解答 24.B.推理判断题.根据第一段中的…but creativity was.The more creative you are,the easier it is to retell the story of what happened when you behaved dishonestly 可知,越有创造力的人越有可能违规,因此设计师比起会计、清洁工和打字员更有可能违规;故选B.
25.C.推理判断题.根据第四段中的They told Volunteers that others in the room were making rtiore money than they were for getting questions right on a test可知,参加实验的志愿者知道其他人比他们得到的钱多,感到不公平,因此要通过作弊的方式答对更多的题,得到更多的钱;故选C.
26.B.词义猜测题.根据最后一段的Keep yourself fed and well-rested…Reflect on how your.actions look through others'eyes and see yourselves in a positive light 就是作者对于违规 问题给出的方法";意为解答.故选B项.
27.A.标题归纳题.通读全文可知,文章就违规问题展开讨论,其中第二、三、四段分别介绍了人 们违规的三个原因.因此最佳标题为为什么人们打破规则;故选A.
点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.