Question

【题目】Directions : Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.

【1】这是他第一次回老家过年，是吗？ (time)

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【2】这款国产电器一经问世便销售火爆。(sell)

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【3】我认为有些错误在所难免，关键是我们要从中吸取教训。(impossible)

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【4】为了营造舒适的就餐环境，许多餐厅不允许抽烟，这对广大顾客来说是一大福音。(forbid)

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Answer 1

【答案】

【1】This is the first time that he has gone back hometown to spend the Spring Festival, isn’t it?

【2】Once the domestic electrical appliance was released / emerged / came into being / existence, it sold very well.

【3】I think it impossible to avoid some mistakes, what matters / is important / is the key point is that we should learn a lesson from them.

【4】To offer / build / create a comfortable dinning / eating environment, smoking is forbidden in many restaurants, which is a piece of good news to most consumers.

【解析】

考查汉译英。

【1】考查固定句式。句式this is the first time that+现在完成时，故译为This is the first time that he has gone back hometown to spend the Spring Festival, isn’t it?

【2】考查固定用法。短语come into being/existence“产生；出现”；本句为once引导的时间状语从句，时态应用一般过去时。故译为Once the domestic electrical appliance was released / emerged / came into being / existence, it sold very well.。

【3】考查固定用法。think后跟形式宾语it指代下文不定式真正宾语，形容词impossible做宾语补足语。短语what matters / is important / is the key point“重要的是……”。故译为I think it impossible to avoid some mistakes, what matters / is important / is the key point is that we should learn a lesson from them.。

【4】考查非谓语动词和动词时态语态。本句不定式做目的状语，主句主语smoking与谓语动词forbid构成被动关系；且非限定性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，关系代词应用which。故译为To offer / build / create a comfortable dinning / eating environment, smoking is forbidden in many restaurants, which is a piece of good news to most consumers.。

it作形式宾语的用法。

当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it仍只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”。

① 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时（如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等）；

基本句式结构——

一、动词+ it + that-从句。如：

（1）sb find/ believe/ think/ feel/ consider/ make + it +n+to do/that从句，如：I take it (that) he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来的。

He makes it a rule never to borrow money.（他立志决不向别人借钱。）

I think it no need talking about it with them.（我认为没必要跟他们谈。）

（2）sb find/think/make + it + adj. + to do sth/that 从句(宾语从句)如：

I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English.（我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。）

I find it interesting to learn English.

如第三小题，think后跟形式宾语it指代下文不定式真正宾语，形容词impossible做宾语补足语。

二、动词 + prep + it + that-从句。如：

I can’t answer for it that he will come. 我不能保证他会来。

You may rely on it that he’ll come to meet you. 你放心，他会来接你的。

You may depend on it that we shall always help you.（尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。）

说明：能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for 等。

注意： that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语

三、动词 + it + 介词短语+ that-从句。如：

We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.（多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。）

I took it for granted that he would help us. 我认为他会帮助我们的。

注意：由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it。常见的有take it for granted, bring it to sb’s attention, owe it to sb 等。

四、动词 + it + when /if/that-从句。如：

(1)sb＋hate / dislike / love / like＋it＋when－从句

I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.（我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。）

I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。

(2)sb＋appreciate/prefer＋it＋if－从句

I really appreciate it if you could help me with my math.

I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好了。