Facial expressions carry meaning that depends on situation and relationships . For instance , in Americanculture the smile is typically an expression of 1 . Yet it has other functions . A smile may 2 love , politeness , or 3 every true feeling . It is also a source of confusion across 4 . For example ,many people in Russia 5 smiling at strangers in public just to be unsure or even suspicious . Yet many Americans 6 freely at strangers in public places .
Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong 7 ; some Americans believes that Russians don’t smile 8 . In Southeast Asian cultures , a smile is 9 used to cover emotional or mental difficulty , discomfort or anxiety .
Our 10 make our emotions and attitude known , but we 11 not try to “read” people from another culture 12 we could “read” someone from our own culture . The 13 of facial expressiveness one shows changes among persons and cultures . The 14 that member of one culture do not 15 their emotions as openly as members of 16 do does not mean that they do not experience emotions . Rather their cultures 17 them expressing their emotions and attitudes freely.
If we 18 people whose ways of showing emotions are not the same according to our own cultural 19 , we may make the mistakes of “reading” the other persons 20 .
1. A. satisfaction B. excitement C. surprise D. pleasure
2. A. sound B. show C. tell D. seem
3. A. include B. explain C. cover D. suggest
4. A. cultures B. oceans C. nations D. countries
5. A. enjoy B. keep C. consider D. continue
6. A. stare B. smile C. look D. about
7. A. time B. place C. way D. manner
8. A. enough B. exactly C. openly D. well
9. A. completely B. never C. frequently D. always
10.A.hands B. faces C. bodies D. eyes
11.A.need B. should C. could D. would
12.A.as B. since C. though D. unless
13.A.point B. reason C. balance D. degree
14.A.fact B. news C. demand D. order
15.A.find B. form C. control D. express
16.A.another B. the other C. others D. the others
17.A.keep B. feel C. make D. prevent
18.A.observe B. think C. watch D. judge
19.A.ways B. life C. manners D. patterns
20.A.incorrectly B. properly C. directly D. correctly
1.D pleasure表示“愉快、快乐”的意思,A、B、D中它的概括性最强,指高兴、满意、兴奋等多种欢乐的感觉。
2.B 上下文表示除了快乐之外,它还可用“表明”你的爱,有礼貌等。show在此表示“表明”,下文最后一段亦有提示。
3.C 此处用cover 与上文的show意思相同,表示“包括、涵盖”,下文第9空后面也有提示,表示smile 可用于多种场合。suggest 表示“表明,使人想起”,此处不宜使用。
4.A 完形填空解题时要充分利用上下文的暗示。后文提到美国人、俄罗斯人,又提到东南亚cultures . 下文多次提到culture,因此选A不选C。
5.B 此处在意:俄罗斯人往往在公共场所带微笑盯着陌生人看好久,以表明他们对对方起了疑心或没把握。即便如此,他们还指责美国人微笑。此处可别选consider 。
6.B 俄罗斯人不同,同样是对陌生人,美国人的态度是很随和地微笑。
7.B 不是笑的方式不对(C),时间不对(at the wrong time),而是场合不对(B),对陌生人怎么能没有任何戒心地(freely),笑呢?
8.A 指他们的生活中微笑太少,不是笑的“好”与“坏,因此不选D”。
9.C 人们常常把微笑用于这些场合。Always表示“一直”,用在此处不太好。
10.B 全文讲述smile , facial expressions,当然选B了。
11.B 本句承上启下,正因为上文提到笑的文化差异,因此我们千万不能像下面描述的那样去做。couldn’t 语气太委婉。
12.A as 引导状语从句,表示“像我们解读同一文化渊源的人一样去理解不同文化背景的别人”,与第11空相联,我们可能(can’t 或shouldn’t)这么做。
13.D 四个词中只有degree 能与上下文搭配,表示“脸部表情变化的程度”。
14.A that 引导的同位语从句选一个statement/fact,而不是其它三个选项的意思。
15.D express 一词在本文中已多次出现,这一题应该不难,从首句facial expressions 到本段落最后部分expressing their emotions … 均表明D是正确项。
16.A 请参看第12空前的有people from another culture 。记住,完形填空一定得充分
利用上下文。
17.D 从上下文可知,并非他们没有感情方面的体验,而是其文化背景使之不能自由表露情感。
18. judge … by/according to 表示“根据……来判断”。
19.D cultural pattern指“文化模式”,pattern表示“模式、方式”。
20.A 既然是make mistakes , 当然是“不正确/不恰当”所致。
科目:高中英语 来源:必修一导练英语外研版 外研版 题型:050
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科目:高中英语 来源: 题型:阅读理解
Happiness is associated with smiling. But do we always smile when we are happy?
During the Olympic Games in Barcelona in 1992, Spanish researchers analyzed the facial expressions of 22 gold medal winners at the medal ceremonies. The researchers were surprised to see that these medal winners didn't smile very much. In fact, throughout the different medal ceremonies, they only smiled about 10% of the time. But during the brief moment when the gold medal was put around their neck, the medal winners grinned (露齿笑) about 70% of the time.
The researchers interviewed the winners they had watched to find out how they felt. All the winners interviewed said that they felt intensely(强烈的)happy throughout the ceremony.
Though they were profoundly(衷心地)happy, they didn't smile a great deal. The researchers concluded that smiling was not the automatic expression of happiness. The fact that the gold medal winners smiled much more when they were actually being given their medals could be explained because, according to the Spanish researchers, smiling was a form of communication between individuals. The happy athletes were smiling at the people who were giving them gold medals. Perhaps we can support the findings of the Spanish researchers by making some observations of our own behaviors. When we are all alone, for example, do we smile at ourselves when we are happy? Probably not very often. If someone greets us with a friendly smile, do we respond with a smile? Yes, we probably do. When a friend gives us a beautiful present, will we show our appreciation with a smile? Yes, of course. But if we are sitting alone watching television, do we smile at a commentator (讲解员) who smiles at us?
How much of the time did the gold medal winners smile during the medal ceremonies?
A. 10%. B. 70%. C. 22%. D. 92%.
According to the passage, when did the athletes smile quite a lot?
A. Throughout the medal ceremony.
B. When they were informed of their success.
C. When the gold medal was put around their neck.
D. When their national flag was raised.
According to the passage, on which of the following occasions would we most probably NOT smile?
A. When we are sitting alone watching TV.
B. When someone greets us with a friendly smile.
C. When a friend gives us a beautiful present.
D. When we feel intensely happy.
According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The gold medal winners were too nervous that they would hardly smile at the medal ceremonies.
B. People will always smile automatically when they feel happy.
C. Smiling is a way of communication.
D. When the gold medal was put around their neck, the gold medal winners were smiling at the audience but not at those who gave the medal.
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科目:高中英语 来源: 题型:阅读理解
阅读文章后,从第54至58题所给A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳答案。
Most people call it "body language" —the clues(线索) to the meaning that we get from gesture, facial expressions, posture —everything that isn't spoken.Experts call it "nonverbal communication," but it means the same thing: a second source of human communication that is often more reliable to understanding what is really going on than the words themselves.
Understanding body language is important to success, whether in the business world or in our personal lives.However, most of our ideas about body language are wrong, according to modern communication research.
There is a belief that people with shifty (变化的) eyes are probably lying.As Paul Ekman says, "When we asked people how they could tell if someone was lying, too much blinking(眨眼) and shifty eyes were the winners.But sometimes people act like that because they are shy.Liars pretend to be calm in order not to be caught.
Ekman goes on to argue against such a wrong belief.Although this kind of body language is probably an expression of nervousness, it is not always because the person is lying.Shyness can, for example, make people shift their eyes.To understand what someone's behavior means, you have to watch them carefully.
There is also a belief that when meeting someone, the more eye contact, the better.As a result people would like to make initial (开始的) contact in formal situations, like a job interview, by staring fixedly at the other human.Yet Ekman points out that most of us are comfortable with eye contact lasting a few seconds, but any eye contact that is longer than that can make us nervous.
In short, you must carefully consider the speaker and the speaking environment.Experts suggest that unless you know about someone's basic communication style, you will have little hope in understanding their true feelings through body language.In other words, body language carries important but not always true messages.
According to the passage, body language is _____.
A.a language that is not spoken B.a clue to get the meaning
C.a reflection of people's behaviors D.a source of human communication
The word "that" in paragraph 3 refers to ____.
A.blinking B.lying C.staring D.pretending
From the passage we can learn that ____.
A.there is no doubt that a liar has shifty eyes
B.people sometimes blink because of shyness
C.eye contact lasting a few seconds can make us nervous
D.understanding body language is more helpful in business
How many examples are given by the writer to support his point of view?
A.1. B.2. C.3. D.4.
It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
A.body language is trustworthy in telling who is lying
B.body language helps us better understand other people
C.sometimes we can't judge a person by watching his body language
D.the speaker and the speaking environment are important to a person's body language
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科目:高中英语 来源:2013-2014学年高考二轮复习考前冲刺(二)英语试卷(解析版) 题型:完型填空
Nowadays robots can not only talk and dance,but also answer your questions in English.They are “____”.The following is the first China?made “beauty”____.
A new 168?cm high “beauty” robot who has not yet been____looks wonderful in a red wedding____.She can act as a tour guide,a receptionist,____a hostess.
Her face____the beautiful facial characteristics of many girls.And her eyes can move.
“The robot is the first human simulation(仿真)____in China,and she is____with the most advanced voice and movement control technologies and____communicate with humans,” said Li Chengrong,chief____of the robot,who works for the Chinese Academy of Science Institute of Automation.“She replies ‘____’ if you praise her by saying ‘You are so____’.”
The sentences that the robot can understand and say are____at present.“We will improve her in the future,to make her talk___with human beings,” Li said.
___the “beauty” will work as a receptionist and tour guide in Sichuan Science Museum,she has been programmed to____the southwestern dialect that is popular in inland Sichuan Province.
Li said the lab____for designing and making the robot was 300,000 yuan (37,500 U.S.dollars).The robot is equipped with interactive technologies.It is____to most advanced robot in the world—Asimo,____by Japanese auto?maker Honda.Asimo,____can walk at a speed of one mile per hour and climb up and down stairs,costs about one million U.S.dollars.
1.A.receptionists? B.hostesses
C.beauties? D.guides
2.A.robot? B.cushion
C.carpet? D.fingernail
3.A.invented? B.designed
C.made? D.named
4.A.dress? B.clothes
C.shoes? D.skirt
5.A.or? B.and
C.but? D.so
6.A.contains? B.includes
C.connects? D.combines
7.A.one? B.this
C.that? D.it
8.A.desired? B.piled
C.equipped? D.scanned
9.A.must? B.can
C.should? D.may
10.A.designer? B.declarer
C.junior? D.haircutter
11.A.Go ahead? B.Thank you
C.Sorry? D.With pleasure
12.A.holy? B.pretty
C.elegant? D.outgoing
13.A.developed? B.complicated
C.limited? D.improved
14.A.happily? B.slowly
C.particularly? D.freely
15.A.Since? B.If
C.Unless? D.When
16.A.study? B.speak
C.ignore? D.understand
17.A.pay? B.price
C.cost? D.work
18.A.familiar? B.similar
C.opposite? D.reasonable
19.A.produced? B.obeyed
C.envied? D.tested
20.A.which? B.where?
C.when? D.who
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科目:高中英语 来源:2007年高考试题(天津卷)解析版 题型:阅读理解
In meditation(冥想),people sit quietly and focus their attention on their breath.As they breathe in and out,they attend to their feelings.As thoughts go through their minds,they let them go.Breathe.Let go.Breathe.Let go.
According to a recent study at the Insight Meditation Society in Barre,Massachusetts,three months of training in this kind of meditation causes a marked change in how the brain allocates(分配)attention.It appears that the ability to let go thoughts that come into mind frees the brain to attend to more rapidly changing things and events in the outside world.Expert meditators are better than other people at catching such fast-changing stimuli(刺激),like facial expressions.
The study provides evidence for changes in the workings of the brain with mental training.People can learn and improve abilities of all sorts with practice,everything from driving to playing the piano.The study has shown that meditating is good for the brain.It appears to reduce pressure and promote a sense of well-being.
In an experiment,17 volunteers with no meditation experience in the experimental group spent three months meditating 10 to 12 hours a day.A control group also with no meditation experience meditated for 20 minutes a day over the same period.Both groups were then given the tests with two numbers in a group of letters.As both groups looked for the numbers,their brain activity was recorded.
Everyone could catch the first number.But the brain recordings showed that the less experienced meditators tended to grasp the first number and hang onto it,so they missed the second number.Those with more experience gave less attention to the first number,as if letting it go,which led to an increased ability to grasp the second number.This shows that attention can change with practice.
Just ask Daniel Levsion,who meditated for three months as part of the study.“I’m a much better listener,”he said.“I don’t get lost in my own personal reaction to what people are saying.”
1.The underlined word“them”in Paragraph 1 refers to .
A.feelings B.minds C.people D.thoughts
2.Meditators manage their daily tasks better because they .
A.are given less pressure
B.allocate their attention better
C.have more stimuli for life
D.practice them more frequently
3.In the experiment,volunteers doing meditation for longer hours .
A.were more likely to catch both of the numbers
B.were used to memorizing numbers in groups
C.usually ignored the first number observed
D.paid more attention to numbers than to letters
4.The study proves that .
A.meditation improves one’s health
B.brain activity can be recorded
C.human attention can be trained
D.meditators have a good sense of hearing
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