The Celerifere, an early version of the bicycle, was built around 1791 by a French man, Comte Mede de Sivrac. It was basically a scooter with a high seat. There were no pedals---you had to push with your feet like you do with a skateboard or a scooter.
Around 1816 Baron Karl Drais de Sauerbrun in Germany added a moveable steering（操纵）handle. These early machines were often known as dandy horses or hobby horses, but weren’t very popular.
The improvement that made them popular was added by a Scottish blacksmith around 1839. Kirkpatrick Macmillan added pedals to enable it to get up hills. It was this improvement that made the bicycle a serious form of transportation.
Bike were called velocipedes（脚踏两轮车）or bone-shakers, because of the lack of the proper tires made for a rough ride! It wasn’t until around 1869 that they began to be called bicycles (“two-wheels”). Carriage makers in Paris (either Pierre and Ernest Michaux, or their employee Pierre Lallement) switched the pedal to the front wheel. That’s why it is usually either Lallement or the Michauxs, not Macmillan, who are considered as the inventor of the bicycle.
In 1869 the penny-farthing or high-wheeler was invented. With the large wheel the rider could go much farther with each push of the pedal, but caused many accidents because the seat was so far off the ground.
In the mid-1880s Englishman James Starley manufactured what he called the “safety bicycle” , which had two similarly-sized wheels and a major improvement--- a chain（链条）and sprocket（链轮齿） driven rear wheel, with the pedals between the two wheels like modern bicycles.
One more historical note---it’s possible that the idea of the bicycle was thought of almost 400 years before it was actually invented. There is a drawing of a bicycle-like machine in one of Leonardo da Vinci’s notebooks, which dates back to about 1493.
1.Who is recognized as the inventor of the bicycle?
A. The Michauxs.
B. Macmillan.
C. Comte Mede de Sivac.
D. Baron Karl von Drais de Sauerbrun.
2. Why was the bicycle not popular in the early 1800’s?
A. It was too expensive.
B. The seat was too high.
C. There were no pedals.
D. It had no tires.
3.Which of the following statements can NOT be inferred from the passage?
A. The “safety bicycle” was much like the modern bicycle.
B. Leonardo da Vinci once drew a machine similar to the bicycle.
C. The penny-farthing did not last long because it was a bit too dangerous.
D. Comte Mede De Sivrac’s invention had both a steering handle and pedals.
4. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. The Inventor of the Bicycle
B. Modern Bicycles
C. The History of the Bicycle
D. Leonardo da Vinci and the Bicycle
科目：高中英语 来源：2016届四川资阳高三上学期第二次诊断考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
One sentence from the news in Washington has remained in my mind since a trip last summer: “When you see people run against the crowd escaping 1. the danger, they are 2. (probable) firefighters, police or journalists.”
I think this is most true for the firefighters. Whenever and wherever 3. (disaster) happen — 9/11 Attacks in New York 14 years ago or the explosion in Tianjin on Wednesday night — it is always the firefighters 4. take the lead to run to the very center, saving lives by 5. (risk) their own. I cried today near the explosion site, not because of the smoke from the ongoing fire 6. because of a short message a firefighter sent to a trusted friend that went viral online. It reads, “If I cannot make it, my father is 7. (you) father; and please remember 8. (sweep) my mother’s tomb.” I was thrilled later to learn that he did make it.
“Everyone knows it’s 9. (danger) to be a firefighter. But he has always liked it and has done it for 12 years,” his father said. “He survived this time, but no one knows what 10. (happen) next time.”
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年福建八县一中高二上学期期末英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
In recent years some extreme weather events have arisen from global warming because of human activities, with studies indicating an increasing threat from extreme weather in the future. Scientists were certain that global warming is being caused mostly by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other humanactivities.
Its effects include warming global temperatur
e, rising sea levels and expansion of deserts in the subtropics(亚热带). Warming is expected to be greater over land than over the oceans and greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing loss of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall with floods, heavy snowfall and species extinction due to great change of temperature. Bad effects on humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the loss of populated(住人的) areas because of rising sea levels.
Possible responses to global warming are reduction of emissions(排放), adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC), whose objective is to prevent dangerous climate change. It has adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. It is agreed that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.
On 12 November 2015, NASA scientists reported that human-made carbon dioxide continues to increase above levels that have not been seen in hundreds of thousands of years: currently, about half of the carbon dioxide released from the burning of fossil fuels remains in the atmosphere and is not absorbed by vegetation and the oceans.
1.What does the underlined word “resilient” mean?
A. be easily damaged B. be able to recover easily
C. can be bent easily D. be difficult to change
2.Which of following is NOT mentioned as an effect of global warming?
A. rising sea levelsand expansion of deserts
B. more frequent extreme weather events
C. species extinction
D. increasing crop yields
3.Which of the following can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is likely for us to deal with global warming by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, adapting to its effects and climate engineering.
B. There is no solution to too much carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere.
C. It is common that human-made carbon dioxide keeps on increasing greatly in the previous several centuries.
D. Future global warming should be limited to below 3.6 °C.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年辽宁实验中学分校高一上学期期末英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Winter Travel Adventures
“Let it snow, let it snow!” You have found your home for all adventures, icy, snowy and white! Discover breathtaking sights while cross-country skiing and snow mobiling, or uncover new lands for skiing, and find the hottest spots to snowboard. Informative links below will get you on your way to a winter wonderland journey.
Seniors Head South for Winter
A feature article on the annual（一年一次的）migration of Winter Texans and Snow Birds heading to warmer places for the winter. Resources for Texas, Florida, Southern U.S and international destinations are included.
Skiing and Snowboarding adventures
You either love it or hate it, strapping（用带子系）a pair of boards to your feet and thrusting yourself down a snow-covered mountain at a speed of 60 miles per hour. If downhill running is your adventure game, connect with the best resources for adventures, vacations, ski trips and destinations.
Cross-country Skiing Adventures
All ages can find pleasure and exercise on a good pair of cross-country skis. Discover the winter back-country on your next adventure. Connect with adventure opportunities, outfitters, equipment sources, destinations and more.
Snowmobile Adventures
Take to the snow-covered backcountry and discover white adventures where only snowmobiles can take you. You can find information from a resource center about adventure tours, group tours, clubs, equipment, destinations, best trails and more.
Snowshoe Adventures
Foot power proves to be the ultimate （首要）dependable transportation, and that applies to winter trekking (艰苦跋涉)through the backcountry. A good pair of snowshoes can get you to places when nothing else can.
1.The purpose of this text is to _______.
A. introduce some of the famous scenic spots
B. introduce the hottest spots to snowboard
C. provide readers with several choices of traveling.
D. provide information of different travel agencies
2.The underlined words “hottest spots” (in paragraph 1) mean _______.
A. places with the highest temperature
B. the most popular places for travelers.
C. places with hot springs
D. the most popular winter games
3.If you wish to spend your winter abroad, which group would you join?
A. Seniors Head South For Winter
B. Snowmobile Adventures
C. Skiing and Snowboarding Adventures
D. Cross-Country Skiing Adventures
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届黑龙江哈尔滨第六中学高三上期末英语试卷（解析版） 题型：单项填空
I prefer a flat in Harbin to ________ in Beijing, because I want to live near my mom’s.
A. one B. that C. it D. this
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年黑龙江大庆铁人中学高一上期末英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Beaches are not only great for lying on and doing water sports, and in fact one of the best ways of enjoying them is a classic beach walk. Here at iWantSun. Co. Uk, we’ve been searching the globe to find you the world’s best and most glorious beach walks, and here’s our pick of the top.
The Footpath of the Gods, Amalfi Coast, Italy
The name says it all really and you truly do feel up there to walking along this wonderful mountain coastal path, which offers some of the most striking views on the planet. The path begins at town of Bomerano to charming Positano along the UNESCO World Heritage area of the Amalfi Coast. The whole walk will take you approximately four and a half hours to complete and pass over narrow rocky paths, past sheer cliffs and shining blue bays.
Sydney’s Great Coastal Walk, Australia
Sydney’s coastline is one of the most beautiful and diverse in the world. Here you have national parks, historic sites, steep cliffs, sparkling beaches and quiet bays all in one place. Sydney’s Great Walk runs all the way from Barrenjoey in the north to Royal National Park in the south and takes an incredible seven days to complete. However, if you’re not up to doing the full walk, then there are many different parts of the walk that you can do right in the city. Walking from the city’s famous Bondi Beach to the sweeping curve of Bronte Beach takes just an hour, which takes in some top scenery.
Great Ocean Walk, Australia
The Great Ocean Walk stretches 104 km along Victoria’s famous Great Ocean Road, located on the southern coast of Australia, from the resort town Apollo Bay to the magnificent Twelve Apostles. The Twelve Apostles are the area’s famous stone landmarks which stand out like giants from the sea. The walk passes through a range of landscapes and sights, from national parks, famous surfing spots and deserted beaches, to wild coastlines, cascading waterfalls, lush forests, historic lighthouses and ghostly shipwrecks. Day walks and shorter three-hour walks such as the Wreck Beach Walk or the Lighthouse Cemetery and Lookout Walk can also be enjoyed.
So next time when you’re looking for a beach holiday don’t just think about the resorts and the sand, but consider a more active sun holiday, discovering some of the best beaches in the world.
1.The author intends to tell us ____________.
A. the world’s best places for beach walks
B. the wonderful beaches in the world
C. the ideal tourism resort for health
D. the beautiful beaches in Australia
2.When you arrive at the Amalfi Coast _______________.
A. you must be disappointed at the footpath
B. you will be fascinated by the scenery
C. you can start walking from Positano
D. you may be trapped in narrow rocky paths
3.What is special about Sydney’s Great Coastal Walk?
A. It takes about more than five hours to complete.
B. It starts from Royal National Park in the north.
C. It provides visitors a variety of great landscapes.
D. It really has the longest coastline in the world.
4.According to the fourth paragraph we can know that __________________.
A. Apollo Bay is at the end of the Great Ocean Walk
B. the Twelve Apostles exists below the surface of the sea
C. the Wreck Beach Walk can also give visitors pleasure
D. most visitors can finish the 104 km walk in three hours
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年甘肃天水第一中学高一上期中英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
A group of people decided to climb a mountain together. They thought it was going to be an easy climb, so they laughed and talked among themselves and didn’t notice the sky growing darker. They soon got lost for they couldn’t see very far in front of them. They huddled together that night over a fire.
No one walked too far away from the group by themselves because it would surely lead to death. They sat close to each other throughout the dark hours not just for warmth, but for the fact that staying with the group was their only hope for survival. After what felt like a century, the sun started its slow climb up the sky. They were now able to see as far ahead of them as they liked, so they began to go down the mountain.
They still remained as a group at this time even though there was no real need. A bond (凝聚力) had formed throughout the group that could not be broken or ignored. They knew each other just as well as they knew themselves. As they reached the place where they had started their journey, they knew it was time to say goodbye. Feeling at peace, they bowed (鞠躬) deeply to each other. All of them kept the love they created as a group close to their hearts as they made their way out into the world alone.
1.What was the difficulty the group of people met in the mountain?
A. Damaged roads. B. Animals’ attack.
C. Losing their way. D. Running out of food.
2.What does the underlined word “huddled” in the first paragraph probably mean?
A. Talked a lot. B. Sat close to each other.
C. Played happily. D. Explored the mountain.
3.What was the most important thing they did in order to survive?
A. They kept close to each other.
B. They told stories to encourage others.
C. They made a fire to keep warm.
D. They sent some people to find the way.
4.They remained as a group when going down the mountain because ______.
A. the way was still not clear
B. they enjoyed being in a group
C. they needed others to pull them
D. the way became difficult to walk on
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年浙江台州中学高二上学期期中英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
For some people, music is no fun at all. About four percent of the population is what scientists call “amusic.” People who are amusic are born without the ability to recognize or reproduce musical notes (音调). Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two songs. Amusics can only hear the difference between two notes if they are very far apart on the musical scale.
As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusic. Many amusics compare the sound of music to pieces of metal hitting each other. Life can be hard for amusics. Their inability to enjoy music sets them apart from others. It can be difficult for other people to identify with their condition. In fact, most people cannot begin to grasp what it feels like to be amusic. Just going to a restaurant or a shopping mall can be uncomfortable or even painful. That is why many amusics intentionally stay away from places where there is music. However, this can result in withdrawal and social isolation. “I used to hate parties,” says Margaret, a seventy-year-old woman who only recently discovered that she was amusic. By studying people like Margaret, scientists are finally learning how to identify this unusual condition.
Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different from the brains of people who can appreciate music. The difference is complex, and it doesn’t involve defective hearing. Amusics can understand other nonmusical sounds well. They also have no problems understanding ordinary speech. Scientists compare amusics to people who just can’t see certain colors.
Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed (诊断). For years, Margaret felt embarrassed about her problem with music. Now she knows that she is not alone. There is a name for her condition. That makes it easier for her to explain. “When people invite me to a concert, I just say, ‘No thanks, I’m amusic,’” says Margaret. “I just wish I had learned to say that when I was seventeen and not seventy.”
1.Which of the following is true of amusics?
A. They can easily tell two different songs apart.
B. Listening to music is far from enjoyable for them.
C. Their situation is well understood by musicians.
D. They love places where they are likely to hear music.
2.According to paragraph3, a person with “defective hearing” is probably one who __________.
A. dislikes listening to speeches
B. can hear anything nonmusical
C. has a hearing problem
D. lacks a complex hearing system
3.What is the passage mainly concerned with?
A. Amusics’ strange behaviours.
B. Some people’s inability to enjoy music.
C. Musical talent and brain structure.
D. Identification and treatment of amusics.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年湖北五校高二上学期期中联考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jean is a 17-year-old high school student. On Saturday mornings, Jean and her friends take part in the program ＿1.＿(call) SAVE THE KIDS. They travel to a poor area of Washington D.C.. They help ＿2.＿(young) students learn how to read and to solve mathematics problems. Many American teenagers join in programs ＿3.＿ serve their communities. ＿4.＿ weekends Jean sometimes works at an ice-cream store. ＿5. she is not working, she gets together with her girlfriends. They might go to a movie, to a shopping mall or to an eating place. Or they might attend ＿6.＿ sports event of their high school. They also often stay at one girl’s house for night.
Like teenagers in most parts of the country , Jean began driving a car when she was 16 years old. 7.＿, she does not have her car. She must share the family car with her parents. About 70 percent of American teenagers have their own cars. Many of them drive their cars to school every day. Jean does not smoke cigarettes or drink alcohol. Neither do her friends. But many teenagers at her school do. Every weekend teenagers have parties, where ＿8.＿ drink alcohol. Then they drive to other parties. People under the age of 21 ＿9.＿(not allow) to drink alcohol in the United States. And it is dangerous to drink ＿10.＿ driving a car. Yet this does not stop some teenagers.
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