What happens inside the head of a soccer player who repeatedly heads a soccer ball? That question motivated a study of the brains of experienced players.
Researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York selected 34 adults, men and women. All of the volunteers had played soccer since childhood and now competed year-round in adult soccer leagues. Each filled out a detailed questionnaire developed especially for this study to determine how many times they had headed a soccer ball in the previous year, as well as whether they had experienced any known concussions (脑震荡) in the past.
Then the players completed computerized tests of their memory and other learning skills and had their brains scanned, using a complex new M.R.I. technique which can find structural changes in the brain that can’t be seen during most scans.
According to the data they presented, the researchers found that the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory, attention and the processing of visual information, compared with players who had headed the ball less.
This pattern of white matter loss is “similar to those seen in traumatic (外伤的) brain injury”, like that after a serious concussion, the researchers reported, even though only one of these players was reported to have ever experienced a concussion.
The players who had headed the ball about 1,100 times or more in the past year were also generally worse at recalling lists of words read to them, forgetting or fumbling the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.
1. Where do you think the text comes from?
A. Medicine instructions. B. A text for doctors.
C. A research report. D. A sports advertisement.
2.What do we know about the volunteers?
A. They had serious injury on the head.
B. They were adults who still played soccer.
C. They were all researchers about soccer.
D. They all had children who played soccer.
3. What was used to find the structural changes in the brains?
A. Advanced computers.
B. A new technique M. R. I.
C. Special questionnaires.
D. Learning skills.
4. We can conclude that frequent heading may have .
A. a significant effect on one’s brain
B. little effect on one’s brain
C. nothing to do with the brain
D. improvement in one’s brain
科目：高中英语 来源：2017届辽宁铁岭协作体高三上第二次联考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Everyone knows that the Frenchmen are romantic, the Italians are fashionable and the Germans are serious. Are these just stereotypes(刻板印象) or is there really such a thing as national character? And if there is, can it affect how a nation succeed or fail?
At least one group of people is certain that it can. A recent survey of the top 500 entrepreneurs (企业家) in the UK found that 70% felt that their efforts were not appreciated by the British public. Britain is hostile (敌意的) to success, they said. It has a culture of jealousy(嫉妒)．__1._ Jealousy is sometimes known as the “green-eyed monster” and the UK is its home.
Scientists at Warwich University in the UK recently tested this idea. They gathered a group of people together and gave each an imaginary amount of money. _ 2._ Those given a little were given the chance to destroy the large amount of money given to others— but at the cost of losing their own. Two thirds of the people tested agreed to do this.
_3.__ But there is also opposite evidence. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development recently reported that the UK is now the world's fourth largest economy. That is not bad for people who are supposed to hate success. People in the UK also work longer hours than anyone else in Europe. So the British people are not lazy, either.
“It is not really success that the British dislike,” says Carey Cooper, a professor of management at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology. “It’s people using their success in a way that seems proud or unfair or which separates them from their roots.”
_4.__ They set out to do things in their way. They work long hours. By their own efforts they become millionaires.__ 5.__ It hardly seems worth following their example. If they were more friendly, people would like them more. And more people want to be like them.
A. This seems to prove that the entrepreneurs were right to complain.
B. The one who owns most money in the end is the winner.
C. As a result, the survey said, entrepreneurs were “unloved, unwanted and misunderstood.”
D. It is not true that British people are born jealous of others` success.
E. Some were given a little, others a great deal.
F. But instead of being happy they complain that nobody loves them.
G. Perhaps it is the entrepreneurs who are the problem.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届河北衡水中学高三上期七调英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Grey clouds move as low as smoke over the treetops at Lolo Pass. The ground is white. The day is June 10.It has been snowing for the past four days in the Bitterroot Mountains.Wayne Fairchild is getting worried about our trek over the Lolo Trail-95 miles from Lolo Montana to Weippe in Idaho, across the roughest country in the West. Lewis and Clark were nearly defeated 200 years ago by snowstorms on the Lolo.Today Fairchild is nervously checking the weather reports.He has agreed to take me across the toughest,middle section of the trail.
When Lewis climbed on top of Lemhi Pass,140 miles south of Missoula,on Aug.12,1805,he was astonished by what was in front of him;“high mountain chains still to the West of us with their tops partially covered with snow.”Nobody in what was then the US knew the Rocky Mountains existed,with peaks twice as high as anything in the Appalachians back East.
Today their pathway through those mountains holds more attraction than any other ground over which they traveled,for its raw wilderness is an evidence to the character of two cultures:the explorers who braved its hardships and the Native Americans who prize and conserve the path as a sacred (神圣的)gift. It remains today the same condition as when Lewis and Clark walked it.
The Lolo is passable only from July to mid-September.Our luck is holding with the weather,although the snow keeps getting deeper.As we climb to Indian Post Office,the highest point on the trail at 7,033 ft,we have covered 13 miles in soft snow,and we hardly have enough energy to make dinner.After a meal of chicken,I sit on a rock on top of the ridge (山脊）.There is no light visible in any direction,not even another campfire.For four days we do not see another human being.We are occupied with the things that mix fear with joy.In our imagination we have finally caught up with Lewis and Clark.
1. We learn from the text that before 1805 .
A.The Rocky Mountains were wholly covered with snow
B.there were no people living in the western part of America
C.no Americans knew of the existence of the Rocky Mountains
D.the Appalachians were the western frontier of the United States
2.We learn from the text that the Lolo Pass .
A.has changed a lot since 1805
B.is the meeting point of three cultures
C.remains much the same as it was 200 years ago
D.now attracts a large number of tourists to visit
3.Judging from the text,Lewis and Clark were most probably .
A.two native Indians
B.explorers of the early 19th century
C.merchants who did business with the Indians
D.travelers whose curiosity took them over the Lolo Pass
4.We can infer from the text that when crossing the Lolo Pass the author .
A.was attempting the impossible
B.was trying to set a world record
C.was following the trail of Lewis and Clark
D.was fighting with weather and taking unnecessary risks
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届福建省漳州市八校高三上学期期末联考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：完形填空
One rainy afternoon I was sitting at home feeling so bored. ________ feeling sorry for myself, I wanted to meet people and have new ________ so I decided to start volunteering. I found a website where I could volunteer on a farm in France.
Volunteering ________ so many opportunities to have fun and share ________ stories.It was the first time for me to work on a farm.It was almost a(n) ________ holiday as food and accommodation were provided.It was not one ________ holiday, however, as I had to ________ fifteen horses and sheep!I soon discovered that I was a(n) ________ farmer but it did not matter because I made some great friends and also improved my ________.
However, you do not ________ go abroad to volunteer.I have had plenty of adventuers at home as volunteering can become a ________. For example, I love ________ so I had a good laugh waving my arms in order to ________ my local choir(合唱团). At university, I organized a concert for charity with my friends. It was really ________ to find bands and raise money for a cause.
It is true that you feel good volunteering but there are also other ________.I once volunteered as a steward (干事) at a charity sports event where the organizers ________ gave me cupcakes from an expensive London bakery to thank me for my ________. I also volunteered in a charity shop so I found loads of nice cheap clothes to ________ my wardrobe（衣橱）.
While this is all fun, my favourite aspect of volunteering is ________ and sharing stories. My terrible ________ at farming has given me funny stories to tell！
1.A. Apart fromB. Due toC. Instead ofD. But for
2.A. experiencesB. discoveriesC. opportunitiesD. changes
3.A. recommendsB. missesC. offersD. affects
4.A. popularB. fantasticC. familiarD. important
5.A. impressiveB. freeC. cheapD. special
6.A. uniqueB. regularC. typicalD. convenient
7.A. attend toB. research into
C. hunt forD. communicate with
8.A. skillfulB. suitableC. hard-workingD. awful
9.A. EnglishB. FrenchC. RussianD. Chinese
10.A. normallyB. basicallyC. naturallyD. necessarily
11.A. hobbyB. trendC. jobD. reality
12.A. dancingB. writingC. singingD. performing
13.A. greetB. controlC. organizeD. conduct
14.A. powerfulB. hopefulC. meaningfulD. successful
15.A. adventuresB. advantagesC. factorsD. achievements
16.A. generouslyB. cautiouslyC. equallyD. proudly
17.A. servicesB. patienceC. determinationD. choices
18.A. decorateB. replaceC. beautifyD. update
19.A. creatingB. imaginingC. choosingD. completing
20.A. dreamB. shameC. attemptD. annoyance
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届辽宁实验中学等五校高三上期末联考英语卷（解析版） 题型：语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式，并填在答题卡的相应位置。
I’m a 34-year-old man, married, lived in a nice house, and have a successful career as an educational consultant. But my life was not always so great. I had a learning disability from 1. early age. I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help. Still, I suffered the rest of my school 2. (days) in public schools.
My life improved remarkably when I discovered art. The art world gave me a chance to express myself 3. words. I went to a workshop and 4. (gradual) got good at making things with clay. Here I learned my first important lesson: disabled 5. I was in language. I could still be smart and well express 6. (I) with clay. And my confidence came along.
Later I decided to apply my previous experience to 7. (learn) how to read and write. Every day, I 8. (practice) reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. After two hard years, I was able to read and write.
9. (go) through the long process with art, rock climbing, and reading and writing, now I’ve got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally 10. (know), hard, but interesting.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届湖北部分重点中学高三新考试大纲适应性考试英语卷（解析版） 题型：完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各助所沧的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
After 21 years of marriage, my wife wanted me to take another woman out to dinner and a movie.That Friday after work, I drove over to pick her up.
We went to a restaurant that, although not , was very nice and cozy. My mother took my arm she were the First Lady. During the dinner, we had an agreeable conversation – nothing but catching up on recent of each other’s life. We talked so much that we missed the .As we arrived at her house later, she said, “I’ll go out with you again, but only if you let me you.”I agreed.
“How was your ?” asked my wife when I got home. “Very nice. Far my wildest imagination” I answered.
A few days later, my mother died of a heart attack. It happened so that I didn?t have a chance to do anything for her. Some time , I received an envelope with a copy of a restaurant from the same place where mother and I had dined. An note said: “I paid this bill . I wasn’t sure that I be there; but I still paid for two plates – one for you and the other for your .You will never know what that night for me. I love you, son.”
At that moment, I the importance of saying in time: “I LOVE YOU” and to give time to our family. in life is more important than your family. Give them the time they , because these things cannot be till “some other time.”
1.A. grand B. comfortable C. shabby D. delicate
2.A. even if B. as though C. so that D. in case
3.A. unbelievable B. attractive C. interesting D. extraordinary
4.A. accidents B. events C. coincidences D. conditions
5.A. bus B. appointment C. movie D. time
6.A. accompany B. order C. satisfy D. invite
7.A. date B. dinner C. film D. mother
8.A. from B. beyond C. beneath D. out of
9.A. immediately B. abruptly C. absolutely D. awfully
10.A. before B. ago C. later D. after
11.A. receipt B. bill C. reception D. notice
12.A. extra B. additional C. attached D. approved
13.A. by chance B. on purpose C. for myself D. in advance
14.A. might B. should C. could D. would
15.A. son B. wife C. friend D. colleague
16.A. meant B. paid C. provided D. made
17.A. advocated B. appreciated C. admired D. applauded
18.A. Something B. Anything C. Everything D. Nothing
19.A. demand B. need C. deserve D. desire
20.A. put off B. called off C. taken off D. turned off
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届河南豫南九校高三下期质量考评（五）英语卷（解析版） 题型：短文改错
假定英语课课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear students, good news for you! A blog will be opening on the website of our school, that aims to help students to communicate better and improve your English. The blog serves as open platform where you an do lots of things. Firstly, you can share with efficient learning experience to promote your English study. Secondly, if you had any questions, welcome to post them. And you will possible find proper solutions with the help of our schoolmates. In addition, attracting by interesting topics, you are free to get involved in the weekly discussion.
Surely the blog will be very benefit to your English study. And every one of you are encouraged to visit it.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届河北五个一推荐高三上第一次模拟考英语卷（解析版） 题型：短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改同桌写的以下作文,文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处,错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在此符号下面写出该加的词。 删除:把多余的词用斜线(﹨)划掉。 修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Boys and girls,
May I have your attention, please?
There will a lecture in our library, at 4:00 on Wednesday afternoon. We are very honour to have invited Professor Tang Wenfang, who has been studied cultural differences in Tsinghua University for many years, in talk about the differences between American and Chinese cultures, that may be quite an interested topic. After a lecture, you are welcome to share your experience in China with everyone else present. Since you have stayed in China for half a year, because you have anything that what puzzles you, it would be great to talk with Mr.Tang. He will be glad to communicate with you. Please be present on time.
That's all. Thank you.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2017届山西重点中学协作体高三下高考模拟（一）英语卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
The poaching（偷猎）, or illegal killing, of rhinos(犀牛) in South Africa is growing worse each year．The government recently reported that a record number of rhinos were poached in 2015，a year which had more rhino killings in South Africa than ever before.
The World Wildlife Fund，or WWF，says about 20, 000 rhinos live in South Africa．That is more than 80 percent of the rhinos in the world．Edna Molewa，South Africa’s Environment Minister，says, “During 2015，we are sad to say this，1,215 rhinos were killed．This is a rise in the number of poached rhinos from 1,004 in 2014 and indeed very worrying.”
The animals are hunted for their horns(角)．Many people in Asia believe the horn has curing power，which drives poachers， at all costs，mad for more horns． But there is no scientific evidence for this belief．The horn is made of keratin(角蛋白)．That is the same thing as human hair，fingernails and toenails.
Ms．Molewa said 386 suspected poachers were arrested last year，an increase from the year before．But rhino protection workers say poachers often go unpunished after arrest． South Africa’s legal system is ineffective． Ms． Mo1ewa said more needs to be done and South Africa is taking strong measures to protect rhinos．The efforts include moving some of the animals to secret places in neighboring countries. “Now approximately 100 rhinos have been moved to neighboring states in the SADC region during 2015 and 200 more rhinos will be moved this year,” Molewa said.
Jo Shaw，the rhino program manager at the WWF，said， “We’re talking about a loss of a hundred rhinos a month，or more than three a day．We really need to see effective action not just at a national level but internationally．” She says officials should find the criminal groups responsible for the poaching and punish them. Government officials are to meet in Botswana in March at the Inter-governmental Conference on Illegal Wildlife Trade.
1.According to paragraph 2, we know ________.
A．half of rhinos live in South Africa
B．less than 1,000 rhinos were killed in 2014
C．the killing in 2015 was more than that in 2014
D．there are only 20,000 rhinos left in the world
2.What is the main reason for people to hunt rhinos?
A．To get more keratin.
B．To protect the farmland.
C．To use them for decoration.
D．To make money from horns.
3.Jo Shaw thinks that ________.
A．many criminal groups are well organized
B．new laws are needed to punish the killers
C．rhino protection needs international cooperation
D．conferences about protecting rhinos are to be held every year
4.What can we infer from the text?
A．Rhino protection has a long way to go.
B．No one would like to buy horns in the future.
C．The illegal killing of rhinos will soon disappear.
D．Rhinos living in South Africa will move to other countries.
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