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The research is so designed that, once _______, nothing can be done to change it.
A.beginsB.having begunC.begunD.Beginning
D

试题分析:该题主要考查省略句的用法。译文:这项研究就这样定下了,一旦开始就无法改变。
句中once作“一旦……”讲,引导一个条件句,出于这个条件句的主语与主句的主语(the research)一致,所以省略掉了主语it和系动词is,只剩下一个过去分词begun,故最佳答案应选D。A项的错误在于缺少主语,B、D两项都是现在分词,不能用在条件句中作谓语,故可排除。
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