People celebrate birthdays in almost every country on earth. And they celebrate them in many different ways.
In China and in Japan, for example, the arrival of New Year is more important than a person¡¯s birthday. So everyone adds a year to celebrate their ages on New Year¡¯s Day, instead of on their birthdays,
In Brazil, the special birthday food isn¡¯t cake, but special candles. In China, it¡¯s long noodles¡ªfor long life. In Iceland, people have pancakes with candies rolled inside them on birthdays.
In Britain, a birthday is an all-day celebration. At school, the birthday child is lifted up and ¡°bumped¡± by his classmates. This means the child is lifted by the feet and arms and bumped to the ground, once for each year once for good growth. In Israel, the same custom is followed, except the birthday person is lifted and lowered while sitting in a chair.
In Holland, children not only get presents, but also give things out. They give cakes, cookies and candles to their classmates and teachers on their birthdays.
In Mexico, it¡¯s good luck to give birthday greetings as early in the day as possible. So it¡¯s usual for the birthday child to be woken up at midnight by fiends singing birthday songs.
In India, birthday celebrations also begin before dawn. Prayers and blessings must be said before morning comes.
In Thailand, two tall candles are lighted the night before the birthday. One is as tall as the birthday person. If it goes out early, it¡¯s bad luck. Another customs of Thailand is that they buy live fish and birds for the birthday person and then the birthday person frees the animals, and it brings good luck.
In Nigeria, people in a certain age group celebrate their birthdays together, on a certain day.
In many countries birthday customs are changing. Old customs are giving way to western style of birthdays, with candle topped cakes. But one thing never changes¡ªbirthdays are special days for everyone!
¡¾Ð¡Ìâ1¡¿It¡¯s a custom to lift and lower the birthday person in a chair in _____.
| A£®Britain | B£®Israel |
| C£®Britain and Israel | D£®Israel and Thailand |
| A£®In Thailand people give fish and birds to the birthday person as presents. |
| B£®In Holland people give presents to unbirthday persons on their birthdays. |
| C£®In Nigeria people who were born in the same period may celebrate their birthdays on the same day. |
| D£®In Thailand a candle will be lighted on the birthday night. |
| A£®Different countries have different birthdays. |
| B£®Celebrating birthdays is exciting. |
| C£®Different ways of celebrating the birthday in different countries. |
| D£®Everyone likes celebrating his or her birthday. |
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The best thing you can say about the roofs of most city buildings is that you don¡¯t have to look at them much. That¡¯s very good, since and urban landscape viewed from above can be and unlovely thing£block after block of tarred£¨ÆÌÓÐÁ¤ÇàµÄ£©black rooftops, sticky in summer, windswept in winter, ugly year-round. Or at least that¡¯s the way it used to be.
But urban roofs are going green. Environmental designers have begun to realize that the tops of buildings don¡¯t have to be wastelands. Indeed, they can be gardens, planted with grasses, flowers and bushes.
A planted roof usually comes in one of two varieties: extensive or intensive. The extensive type is wide and shallow, with a soil depth of less than 8 inches, able to support smaller plants, The intensive type may be smaller, but it¡¯s relatively deeper and home to larger plants.
Whatever the design, green roofs are not so simple as ordinary gardens. They have multiple layers beneath the soil, including a drainage layer, waterproofing, structural support, and so on .
But this system can do a great deal of good. A recent paper in the journal BioScience tells that green roofs can control temperature, contain water and clean the air. And most impressively, they can cut heat loss from a building by 50%, lower air-conditioning costs by 25%, and reduce the urban-heated-island effect by 2¡æ.
Of course, apart from the square feet greened and heat reduced, green roofs are even more valued since people can gain some psychological comfort simply by having a quiet place to go. As so often happens, what¡¯s good for the planet can also be good for the spirit.
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Started in 1636, Harvard University is the oldest of all the many colleges and universities in the United States. Yale, Princeton, Columbia and Dartmouth were opened soon after Harvard.
¡¡ In the early years, these schools were much alike(*similar).Only young men went to college. All the students studied the same subjects, and everyone learned Latin, Greek and Hebrew. Little was known about science then, and one kind of school could teach everything that was known about the world. When the students graduated(*±ÏÒµ),most of them became ministers or teachers.
¡¡In 1782, Harvard started a medical school for young men who wanted to become doctors. Later, lawyers could receive their training in Harvard¡¯s law school. In 1825, besides Latin and Greek, Harvard began teaching modern languages, such as French and German. Soon it began teaching American history.
¡¡As knowledge increased, Harvard and other colleges began to teach many new subjects. Students were allowed to choose the subjects that interested them.
¡¡Today, there are many different kinds of colleges and universities. Most of them are made up of smaller schools that deal with special fields of learning. There¡¯s so much to learn that one kind of school can¡¯t offer it all.
The oldest university in the US is _________.
¡¡A.Yale ¡¡¡¡ B.Harvard ¡¡¡¡ C.Princeton ¡¡ ¡¡D.Columbia
From the second paragraph, we can see that in the early years,______.
¡¡A.those colleges and universities were the same
¡¡B.people, young or old, might study in the colleges
¡¡C.students studied only some languages and science
¡¡D.when the students finished their school, they became lawyers or teachers
Modern languages the Harvard taught in 1825 were ________.
¡¡A.Latin and Greek B.Latin, Green, French and German
¡¡C.American history and German D.French and German
As knowledge increased, colleges began to teach_______.
¡¡A.everything that was known B.law and something about medicine
¡¡C.many new subjects D.the subjects that interested students
On the whole, the passage is about___________.
¡¡A.how to start a university ¡¡B.the world-famous colleges in America
¡¡C.how colleges have changed D.what kind of lesson each college teaches
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| ANY VOLUNTEERS? MORE WAYS TO GET INVOLVED WHILE HAVING GREAT FUN
| ||||
| 1. All of the volunteers will ________in the four activities. | ||||
| A. teach young kids B. have a lot of fun C. experience nature D. beautify the environment | ||||
| 2.If you are short of money, which group would you like to join? | ||||
| A. ENKOSINI ECO EXPERIENCES B. EARTH WATCH INSTITUTE C. HABITAT NEW ORLEANS D. GLOBAL VOLUNTEERS | ||||
| 3. According to the advertisement, which of the following is true? | ||||
| A. You have to cook yourself in EARTH WATCH INSTITUTE. B. You need to have experience to join HABITAT NEW ORLEANS. C. You may learn to feed a baby in ENKOSINI ECO EXPERIENCES. D. You have a chance to serve in a community in GLOBAL VOLUNTEERS. |
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Below are Top 10 Scholarly Stars in America in 2011.
It¡¯s not always about fame and fortune for these celebs ¨C education is a priority in their lives. Find out what scholarly stars have earned degrees and diplomas or are returning to the classroom as you head back to school.
No. 10: James Franco
James has attended FOUR prestigious universities in his life: UCLA, New York University, Columbia University and Yale University. We hear he is so serious about school. He missed the Oscar nominations to attend class!
No. 9: Natalie Portman
Natalie Portman is so Ivy League: she graduated from Harvard University in 2003, thanks to her parents, who she says always made sure she put her studies before her acting.
No. 8: Haley Joel Osment
When students at NYU heard Haley Joel would be joining them as a freshman in 2006, they chalked the campus¡¯ sidewalks with his famous Sixth Sense movie line: ¡°I see dead people.¡±
No. 7: Emma Watson
Although Emma Watson put her education on hold to wrap up the Harry Potter film series, in July 2011 she announced that she was going back to school at Brown University to complete her degree.
No. 6: Dakota and Elle Fanning
Celeb sisters Dakota and Elle Fanning are stars on screen and in class. Dakota was her high school¡¯s homecoming queen two years in a row while Elle, who still attends middle school, somehow manages to balance her acting career with math tests and gym class.
No. 5: Mara Wilson
Mara Wilson graduated from NYU in 2009. Mara, who played the adorable Nattie in Mrs. Doubtfire, eventually grew up and headed to New York to attend NYU¡¯s Tisch School of the Arts; she graduated in 2009.
No. 4: Tyra Banks
Tyra Banks is known for being a savvy businesswoman, but even the best could use some formal training. She enrolled in Harvard Business School in 2011 and even went so far as to live in a dorm with her fellow classmates!
¡°We live in dorms,¡± confirmed the TV star. ¡°I have my own room but we share a kitchen, living room and study area. It¡¯s mandatory dorms. I freaked out. In the beginning I was like, ¡®Oh yes, I¡¯m going to Harvard and I¡¯ll be at the Four Seasons down the street.¡¯ And they were like, ¡®Girl, you¡¯re living in dorms!¡¯¡±
No. 3: Shakira
Singer Shakira is resting her hips and giving her brain a workout at UCLA, attending classes on the history of western civilization so she could ¡°learn from the best¡±.
No. 2: Steven Spielberg
Director Steven skipped getting a formal education to be an unpaid intern at Universal Studios, where he learned his tricks of the trade. But eventually he did go back and earned his film degree in 2002.
No. 1: Danica McKellar
Danica McKellar is a math whiz. She used to be known for starring as Winnie Cooper in the Wonder Years, but Danica is also a UCLA graduate, math whiz and education advocate who¡¯s written three best-selling books encouraging middle-school girls to have confidence and succeed in mathematics.
46. What Danica McKellar and Natalie Portman share in common is that ________.
A. both put their education in the first place
B. they graduated from the same university
C. the two actresses wrote best-selling books
D. both of them will abandon their acting
47. From the above, we can come to the conclusion that ________.
A. Spielberg received a formal film education before he turned director
B. Both sisters Dakota and Elle have not finished middle school education
C. Tyra Banks is sharing the same room with her classmates in Harvard
D. Shakira and Haley Joel Osment are studying in university separately
48. The underlined word ¡°trade¡± in the passage is closest to ________.
A. business B. corporation C. studio D. job
49. How many stars referred to in the material studied or will go to UCLA?
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six.
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Below are Top 10 Scholarly Stars in America in 2011.
It¡¯s not always about fame and fortune for these celebs ¨C education is a priority in their lives. Find out what scholarly stars have earned degrees and diplomas or are returning to the classroom as you head back to school.
No. 10: James Franco
James has attended FOUR prestigious universities in his life: UCLA, New York University, Columbia University and Yale University. We hear he¡¯s is so serious about school, he missed the Oscar nominations to attend class!
No. 9: Natalie Portman
Natalie Portman is so Ivy League: she graduated from Harvard University in 2003, thanks to her parents, who she says always made sure she put her studies before her acting.
No. 8: Haley Joel Osment
When students at NYU heard Haley Joel would be joining them as a freshman in 2006, they chalked the campus¡¯ sidewalks with his famous Sixth Sense movie line: ¡°I see dead people.¡±
No. 7: Emma Watson
Although Emma Watson put her education on hold to wrap up the Harry Potter film series, in July 2011 she announced that she was going back to school at Brown University to complete her degree.
No. 6: Dakota and Elle Fanning
Celeb sisters Dakota and Elle Fanning are stars on screen and in class. Dakota was her high school¡¯s homecoming queen two years in a row while Elle, who still attends middle school, somehow manages to balance her acting career with math tests and gym class.
No. 5: Mara Wilson
Mara Wilson graduated from NYU in 2009. Mara, who played the adorable Nattie in Mrs. Doubtfire, eventually grew up and headed to New York to attend NYU¡¯s Tisch School of the Arts; she graduated in 2009.
No. 4: Tyra Banks
Tyra Banks is known for being a savvy businesswoman, but even the best could use some formal training. She enrolled in Harvard Business School in 2011 and even went so far as to live in a dorm with her fellow classmates!
¡°We live in dorms,¡± confirmed the TV star. ¡°I have my own room but we share a kitchen, living room and study area. It¡¯s mandatory dorms. I freaked out. In the beginning I was like, ¡®Oh yes, I¡¯m going to Harvard and I¡¯ll be at the Four Seasons down the street.¡¯ And they were like, ¡®Girl, you¡¯re living in dorms!¡¯¡±
No. 3: Shakira
Singer Shakira is resting her hips and giving her brain a workout at UCLA, attending classes on the history of western civilization so she could ¡°learn from the best¡±.
No. 2: Steven Spielberg
Director Steven skipped getting a formal education to be an unpaid intern at Universal Studios, where he learned his tricks of the trade. But eventually he did go back and earned his film degree in 2002.
No. 1: Danica McKellar
Danica McKellar is a math whiz. She used to be known for starring as Winnie Cooper in the Wonder Years, but Danica is also a UCLA graduate, math whiz and education advocate who¡¯s written three best-selling books encouraging middle-school girls to have confidence and succeed in mathematics.
46£®What Danica McKellar and Natalie Portman share in common is that ________.
A. both put their education in the first place
B. they graduated from the same university
C. the two actresses wrote best-selling books
D. both of them will abandon their acting
47£®From the above, we can come to the conclusion that ________.
A. Spielberg received a formal film education before he turned director
B. both sisters Dakota and Elle have not finished middle school education
C. Tyra Banks is sharing the same room with her classmates in Harvard
D. Shakira and Haley Joel Osment are studying in university separately
48£®The underlined word ¡° trade¡± in the passage is closest to ________.
A. business B. corporation C. studio D. occupation
49£®How many stars referred to in the material studied or will go to UCLA?
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six.
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