Question

【题目】请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rushing into business. Firms of all types are using AI to forecast demand, hire workers and deal with customers. The McKinsey Global Institute, a think-tank within a consultancy, forecasts that just applying AI to marketing, sales and supply chains could create economic value of $2.7trn over the next 20 years.

Such grand forecasts fuel anxiety as well as hope. Less familiar, but just as important, is how AI will transform the workplace.

Start with the benefits.AI ought to improve productivity. Humanyze, a people analytics software provider, combines data from its badges（工牌）with employees’ calendars and e-mails to work out, say, whether office layouts favour teamwork .Slack, a workplace messaging app, helps managers assess how quickly employees accomplish tasks. Companies will see when workers are not just dozing off but also misbehaving.

Employees will gain, too. Thanks to advance in computer vision, AI can check that workers are wearing safety equipment and that no one has been harmed on the factory floor. Some will appreciate more feedback on their work and welcome a sense of how to do better.

Machines can help ensure that pay rises and promotions go to those who deserve them. That starts with hiring. People often have biases but algorithms（算法）, if designed correctly, can be more unprejudiced. Software can flag patterns that people might miss.

Yet AI’s benefits will come with many potential drawbacks. Algorithms may not be free of the biases of their programmers, which can have unintended consequences. The length of a travel may predict whether an employee will quit a job, but this focus may harm poorer applicants. Older staff might work more slowly than younger ones and could risk losing their positions if all AI looks for is productivity. And surveillance（监控）may feel Orwellian—a sensitive matter now that people have begun to question how much Facebook and other tech giants know about their private lives.

As regulators and employers weigh the pros and cons of AI in the workplace, three principles ought to guide its spread. First, data should be anonymized where possible. Microsoft, for example, has a product that shows individuals how they manage their time in the office, but gives managers information only in aggregated（整合）form. Second, the use of AI ought to be transparent. Employees should be told what technologies are being used in their workplaces and which data are being gathered. As a matter of routine, algorithms used by firms to hire, fire and promote should be tested for bias and unintended consequences. Last, countries should let individuals request their own data, whether they are ex-workers wishing to contest a dismissal or jobseekers hoping to demonstrate their ability to prospective employers.

The march of Al into the workplace calls for trade-offs between privacy and performance. A fairer, more productive workforce is a prize worth having, but not if it chains employees. Striking a balance will require thought, a willingness for both employers and employees to adapt and a strong dose of humanity.

AI Spy
Passage outline	Supporting details
Introduction	While its future in business is full of 【1】, AI affects the workplace negatively.
Advantages of AI	·AI makes business more productive by analyzing the office layout, assessing the employees’ working efficiency and 【2】 their behavior. ·AI can 【3】 employees’ safety and provide feedback for them to better themselves. ·AI helps businesses hire more suitable employees and develop a better 【4】 of promotion and pay rise.
Potential drawbacks of AI	·Undesirable results may arise due to the biases of the programmers. ·Poorer applicants and older staff are at a 【5】 ·Employees’ privacy is 【6】 in the age of AI.
Principles 【7】 AI’s spread	·Keep the data anonymous when they are gathered and used. 【8】 employees of technologies used in the workplace and test the algorithms to avoid undesirable results. ·【9】 employees to access data for their own sake.
Summary	Only when employees and employers are 【10】 to adapt and respect each other, can AI make workplace fairer and more productive.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】promise/hope

【2】monitoring

【3】ensure/guarantee

【4】system

【5】disadvantage

【6】violated/disturbed/invaded

【7】guiding

【8】Inform

【9】Permit/Allow

【10】willing

【解析】这是一篇议论文。AI正在各种公司中广泛应用。文章介绍了AI的好处以及它可能的缺点。另外，文章提出三个引导AI发展的原则。

【1】根据第一段和第二段中的“Artificial intelligence (AI) is rushing into business. Firms of all types are using AI to forecast demand, hire workers and deal with customers … Such grand forecasts fuel anxiety as well as hope”可知，AI在各种公司中被广泛应用。它既给人们带来希望，同时易引发了一些焦虑。故第一个空应填：hope/promise：AI的发展充满希望，前景光明。

【2】根据第三段中的“Companies will see when workers are not just dozing off but also misbehaving”可知，AI可以帮助公司监督员工，知道员工什么时候打瞌睡，什么时候举止不端。故该空应用动词monitor，该空做介词by的宾语，故填monitoring。

【3】根据第四段中的“AI can check that workers are wearing safety equipment and that no one has been harmed on the factory floor”可知，AI可以确保员工的安全。该空填ensure/guarantee。

【4】根据第五段中的“Machines can help ensure that pay rises and promotions go to those who deserve them”可知，机器可以帮助确保该加薪的人加薪，该升职的人升职。即：AI可以帮助企业发展一个更好的升职加薪系统。该空填system。

【5】根据第六段中的“this focus may harm poorer applicants. Older staff might work more slowly than younger ones and could risk losing their positions if all AI looks for is productivity”可知，AI可能会伤害比较贫穷的申请者，上了年纪的员工可能有失业的风险。由此可知，这两类人处于不利的地位，故该空填disadvantage。

【6】根据第六段中的“And surveillance（监控）may feel Orwellian—a sensitive matter now that people have begun to question how much Facebook and other tech giants know about their private lives”可知，监控的存在可能侵犯员工的隐私。该句是被动句，故该空填过去分词violated/disturbed/invaded。

【7】根据第七段中的“three principles ought to guide its spread”可知，该段介绍了三个引导AI发展的原则。该空做principles的定语，它们之间是主动关系，故填现在分词。

【8】根据第七段中的“Employees should be told what technologies are being used in their workplaces”可知，员工们应该被告知他们的办公地点使用了什么技术。该空是祈使句，且后面有介词of，故填动词原形Inform（告知，通知）。

【9】根据第七段中的“countries should let individuals request their own data”可知，各国应允许个人索取自己的数据。该空对应句子中的let一词，但后面有to，故填Permit/Allow。

【10】根据最后一段中的“Striking a balance will require thought, a willingness for both employers and employees to adapt and a strong dose of humanity.”可知，保持平衡的条件之一就是雇主和雇员都愿意适应。该空对应句子中的willingness，但该空做表语，故填形容词willing。be willing to do意为“乐意做某事”。