Question

1．Different explanations are offered for America's weight problem--a problem increasingly shared by other countries．Almost one-fifth of American children and teenagers are overweight．
Schools have been urged to increase physical education，an important tool for public health．And many have．Yet now comes a study showing an increase in the number of injuries in"physical"class．Injuries increased 150% between 1997 and 2007．The study involved injuries treated in hospital emergency departments．Only 2% were serious．
The researchers did not try to identify the causes of the increase，but they have some theories．Lara McKenzie from Ohio State University was the lead researcher．She says one possibility is a decrease in the number of school nurses during the period they studied．For example，a 2004 study showed that the number of school nurses nationally failed to meet federal guidelines．Schools without a nurse on duty may be more likely to send an injured child to a hospital．
Another possible reason for more injuries is a change in the traditional idea of physical education．This"New P．E．"expands the kinds of sports that are taught．But activities that some schools offer now，like rock climbing walls and skateboarding，can also expand the risks，says Cheryl Richardson．She is with the National Association for Sport and Physical Education．Also，she says not all states require P．E．teachers to be specially trained．Untrained teachers could be less likely to recognize unsafe conditions．Cheryl Richardson also points to one of the study's findings--that injuries are often the result of contact with a person or a structure．This tells her that the teachers were not giving each student enough space to move around safely．
Six activities produced seventy percent of all injuries：running，basketball，football，volleyball，soccer and gymnastics．
The researchers say larger class sizes are another possible reason for the increase in injuries．Larger classes can mean less supervision．

57．The passage is mainly aboutB．
 A．different explanations for America's overweight
 B．the possibilities for the increasing number of injuries in P．E．classes
 C．The"New P．E．"offered in American schools
 D．the decrease of the number of American school nurses
58．What Cheryl Richardson says implies she is in favor of the idea thatD．
 A．the school injuries are not common in America
 B．P．E．teachers should be responsible for the school injuries
 C．school nurses are in great need in America
 D．all P．E．teachers should be specially trained
59．The P．E．activities that cause most of the school injuries areB．
 A．rock climbing，running，basketball，football，volleyball and soccer
 B．running，basketball，football，volleyball，soccer and gymnastics
 C．skateboarding，running，basketball，football，soccer and gymnastics
 D．skateboarding，rock climbing，high jump，basketball，football and volleyball
60．P．E．activities for large class sizes are more likely to cause injuries because_A．
 A．P．E．teachers have more difficulty taking care of every student
 B．students are more free to move around on campus
 C．students don't have enough space to have P．E．activities
 D．students have more spare time to spend alone．

Answer 1

分析 本文是一篇说明文．文章主要阐述的是有关体育课上受伤数量不断增长的可能性．很多国家都存在孩子和青少年体重超重的问题，为此学校被敦促要增加体育课，调查显示在体育课上受伤数量不断增长．可能性之一是学校校医数量的下降，对体育课教育的传统思想的改变也是可能性之一，新的体育活动的增设也增添了风险；并不是所有额体育教师都受过专业培训；班级人数的扩大也增加了老师上课和监管的难度．

解答 57-60：BDBA
57．B    主旨大意题．纵观全文可知，文章主要阐述的是有关体育课上受伤数量不断增长的可能性．故选B．
58．D    推理判断题．根据第三段中的"she says not all states require P．E．teachers to be specially trained．Untrained teachers could be less likely to recognize unsafe conditions．"可知，Cheryl Richardson 表示并不是所有的体育教师都受过专业培训，未受过专业培训的老师不可能意识到安全隐患，即所有的体育老师最好都要接受专业培训，故选D．
59．B     细节理解题．根据第四段中的"Six activities produced seventy percent of all injuries：running，basketball，football，volleyball，soccer and gymnastics"可知，容易引发体育课上受伤的一些活动有：跑步、打篮球、踢足球、打排球、和体操等，故选B．
60．A    细节理解题．根据最后一段中的"Larger classes can mean less supervision．"可知，班级人数的扩大也增加了老师上课和监管的难度，故选A．

点评 解答细节理解题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干和选项中的关键词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案；推理判断题既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点．