Imagine your body is like the house you live in. Every day, your family creates rubbish. The rubbish builds up until it is put out for the weekly garbage collection.
Now, say you put three bags of garbage out, but because one of the collectors was away sick, only two bags are collected. You take the leftover bag inside to be put out again next week. The following week you put on another three bags, plus the leftover bag from last week. But again, only two bags are collected. Imagine this cycle is repeated over the following weeks.
This is a simple description of what happens to your body when your kidneys (肾脏) don’t work efficiently. Your body is not thoroughly emptied of waste products. Other areas of the body such as blood pressure and red blood cell production are affected and the insidious process that may lead to kidney failure begins.
It’s not uncommon for people to lose up to 90% of their kidney function before developing any symptoms. There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection (诊查) difficult.
Kidney’s main job is to remove toxins (毒素) and unwanted water from our blood. Every day our kidneys clean an average of 200 litres of blood. Kidney failure may be a gradual and silent process, going unnoticed because there is no apparent pain.
Research shows that more than 25% of the patients requiring dialysis (透析) do not see a kidney specialist before they have to do so. Some risk factors for kidney disease such as age and genetic make up are out of our control; however, some changes in lifestyle may help prevent kidney damage.Two major risk factors for kidney disease, diabetes (糖尿病) and high blood pressure, have been on the rise over the last few decades.Both conditions are chiefly affected by being overweight and not getting enough exercises, which are the potential risk factors for the kidney disease.
1. The author gives the example of the house we live in to indicate that _______.
A. it’s safe and harmless for our body to keep some waste
B. it’s important for our body to empty the waste in time every day
C. our body will not produce any waste if our kidneys work efficiently
D. it doesn’t matter much if the waste in our body is not emptied in time
2.The underlined word “insidious” in the third paragraph means _______.
A. smooth and safe B. obvious and fast
C. gradual and unnoticed D. long and painful
3.We can infer that when we find some symptoms related to our kidneys, _______.
A. the kidney failure begins
B. the kidneys can still work properly
C. we have lost about 10% of kidney function
D. the kidneys may have been seriously damaged
4. Which of the following helps prevent kidney damage most effectively?
A. Go to see a kidney specialist shortly before dialysis starts.
B. Take enough exercise and make early detection of kidney disease.
C. Try to keep low blood pressure and a stable lifestyle.
D. Go to hospital whenever you find any warning signs.
科目:高中英语 来源:2014-2015学年北京市东城区普通校高三11月联考英语试卷(解析版) 题型:阅读理解
Everybody in this world is different from one another.But do you know that understanding differences can help you better manage your money?
As we grow up,we gradually develop a set of our own values or beliefs.These are influenced by society,our family,the education we receive and so on.Once this value system is set up,it's not easy to change later in life.
Financial experts say that everyone also has their own belief of how to manage their finances.This is part of our value system and it has a great impact on the way we look after our money.
According to our different values,experts put us in three categories.They are:the ant,the cricket and the snail.
The ant-works first
Just like ants who work heart and soul in summer in order to store food for winter,these people don't care about enjoying the moment.They work very hard and save money they earn so that they can enjoy life when they get old and retire.The ant loves to save but they could make more out of their money if they were willing to invest in some funds and stocks with low risk.
The cricket-fun first
The cricket wants to enjoy everything now and doesn't think too much about the future.They even borrow money when they really want something.Many young people now belong to this group.These people have little savings.When they get old,they might have problems.They should learn to save and buy insurance.
The snail-lives under pressure
The snail refers to people who make life difficult for themselves.They take big long-term loans from the bank in order to buy things such as luxury houses.They are happy to take big loans even though they are not sure whether they can afford it.This can cause problems in the future.They should plan more carefully.
1. People with the character of the snail would like to __________.
A. enjoy life at the moment without thinking much about the future
B. put work before everything else
C. live a luxury life at all costs
D. take the risk of investing a large sum of money
2. Our beliefs and values are affected by the following except __________.
A. society B. our family
C. education D. money
3. This passage mainly talks about __________.
A. the spending nature of people
B. the relation between man and insects
C. the insects in nature
D. the problems with dealing with money
4. Which of the following has the character that the author prefers?
A. The ant B. The cricket
C. The snail D. None of the above
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科目:高中英语 来源:2016届内蒙古包头第九中学高三上学期期中英语试卷(解析版) 题型:阅读理解
阅读理解
Many of us still tend to think that emotions can affect reasonable thought,and sometimes land us in trouble. But in recent years psychologists have taken quite a different view. Keith Oatley,Professor of Psychology at Glasgow University,is involved in the research which shows the fundamental importance of emotions.
He believes we are very ambivalent about them:we think of our emotions as being unreasonable,but we also consider them as essential to being human. For example,Mr. Spock,a character in the television series Star Trek,is super?intelligent and he has no emotions at all. However,he is never made captain of the spaceship. Maybe,this is because Mr Spock is not the kind of person you can share your feelings with—a person who shows his emotions.
As Professor Oatley points out,our emotions have very important functions,for example,fear. If we cross the road and a car approaches,we usually stop moving or step back. We stop what we are doing,check what we have done and pay very careful attention to the environment. The emotion of fear makes us take this small series of actions which,on average, help protect our safety.
On the other hand,if things are going well and small problems come up,we find we can solve them with the resources we have to hand. As a consequence, we tend to feel happy and usually continue doing the job.
Anger is an emotion that tends to occur when someone is preventing us from doing something. Then this small “kit” of reactions enables us to prepare ourselves to be quite aggressive to that person,or to try harder,and so on.
Professor Oatley believes emotions generally occur at these important moments in actions. With fear and anger our emotions make us decide to start doing something else, while with happiness they “suggest” we continue what we are already doing.
1.What’s Keith Oatley’s opinion about emotions?
A.They affect reasonable thought.
B.They get us into trouble.
C.They are helpful to us.
D.They are reasonable.
2.What does the underlined part “we are very ambivalent about them” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.We have contradictory feelings towards emotions.
B.We have similar ideas of emotions.
C.We are quite clear about emotions.
D.We can do nothing about emotions.
3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A.Fear helps us to be careful about our surroundings.
B.Happiness inspires us to continue what we are doing.
C.Anger may urge us to make greater efforts.
D.Anger tends to do us more harm than good.
4.It can be inferred from the passage that________.
A.we must control our emotions in daily life
B.emotions play a more important part than we realize
C.positive emotions such as love and joy are good for us
D.negative emotions make us continue what we are doing
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科目:高中英语 来源:2015-2016学年天津第一中学高二上学期期中英语试卷(解析版) 题型:单项填空
School kids take part in parades on campus on Halloween, ___________ in colorful costumes, after which there is a small party inside the classroom.
A. dressing B. dressed
C. being dressed D. dress
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科目:高中英语 来源:2015-2016学年天津第一中学高二上学期期中英语试卷(解析版) 题型:单项填空
English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, __________ uses it differently.
A. all of which B. each of which
C. all of them D. each of them
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科目:高中英语 来源:2015-2016学年牡丹江第一高级中学高二上期中英语试卷(解析版) 题型:阅读理解
Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment.
Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses(球场)in good condition. This causes major environmental effects. For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.
There are many environment-friendly sport. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don’t need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes; and you don’t have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control.
Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all, it’s free.
1.Which of the following is the author most probably in favor of?
A. Cycling around a lake.
B. Motor racing in the desert.
C. Playing basketball in a gym.
D. Swimming in a sports center.
2.What do we know about golf from the passage?
A. It is popular in Portugal and Spain.
B. It causes water shortages around the world.
C. It pollutes the earth with chemicals and wastes.
D. It needs water and electricity to keep its courses green.
3.The author uses power walking as an example mainly because______.
A. it is an outdoor sport
B. it improves our health
C. it uses fewer resources
D. it is recommended by experts
4.The author writes the passage to_______.
A. show us the function of major sports
B. encourage us to go in for green sports
C. discuss the major influence of popular sports
D. introduce different types of environment-friendly sports
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科目:高中英语 来源:2016届四川雅安市高三11月月考英语试卷(解析版) 题型:语法填空
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。温馨提示:请将答案写在答题卷上
I wanted to do something special for my 15-year-old son, who has always been a perfect boy. He worked all summer to earn enough money to buy __1.__(he) a new racing-bicycle instead of asking for money from me. Then he spent hours and hours on it. I loved my son so much _2.__I bought him a pair of sunglasses and gloves. When my son rode the racing-bicycle with them, he looked very cool. He dreamed _3.__ taking part in a race and winning.
On November 10th, my birthday, when I went to the kitchen to start the milk and bread in the morning, I found __4.__ beautiful guitar on the table, beside which was a card, __5.__(say), “Happy birthday to my wonderful mother.” I was surprised and then began to sob. I remembered once I __6.__(joke) to my family that I wanted to learn playing the guitar to make my life colorful. I had _7.__(forget) it, but my son remembered. He took it __8.__(serious), and bought me one as a birthday gift. When I wondered __9.__ my son could buy this expensive gift, soon I realized that my son had sold his racing-bicycle __10.__(get) me the guitar.
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科目:高中英语 来源:2016届江苏省盐城市高三上学期期中考试英语试卷(解析版) 题型:单项填空
A grandmother in Chengdu, Sichuan province, who has ________ pole-dancing is living proof that life doesn’t have to gradually stop when you’re old.
A. taken to B. taken on
C. taken in D. taken up
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科目:高中英语 来源:2014-2015学年重庆市高三9月月考英语试卷(解析版) 题型:单项填空
_______most kids still love burgers,chicken wings and pizza,there are a lots of other foods that are to kids' taste.
A.WhileB.Since
C.BeforeD.In case
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