12.Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese being killed right beneath their windows.She was their neighbor.Yet none of the 32helped her.Not one even called the police.Was this in gunman cruelty?Was it lack of feeling about one's fellow man?
Not so,say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane.These men went beyond the headlines to seek the reasons why people didn't act.They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help.First he has to notice that is an emergency.
Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the side-walk.Is he having a heart attack?Is he in a coma from diabetes(糖尿病)?Or is he about to sleep off a drunk?
Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in the air conditioning?Is it steam pipes?Or is it really smoke from a fire?It's not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency.
Second,and more important,the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible.He must feel that he must help,or the person won't get the help he needs.
The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around.They had college students in to be tested.Some came alone.Some came with one or two others.And some came in large groups.The receptionist started them off on the tests.Then she went into the next room.A curtain divided the testing room and the room into which she went.Soon the students heard a scream,the noise of file cabinets falling and a cry for help.All of this had been pre-recorded on a tape-recorder.
Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help.Of the students in pairs,only two out of ten helped.Of the students in groups,none helped.
In other words,in a group,Americans often fail to act.They feel that others will act.They,themselves,needn't.They do not feel any direct responsibility.
Are people bothered by situations where people are in trouble?Yes.Scientists found that the people were emotional,they sweated,they had trembling hands.They felt the other person's trouble.But they did not act.They were in a group.Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with.
32.The purpose of this passage isA.
A.to explain why people fail to act in emergencies
B.to explain when people will act in emergencies
C.to explain what people will do in emergencies
D.to explain how people feel in emergencies
33.The researchers have conducted an experiment to prove that people will act in emergencies whenC.
A.they are in pairs
B.they are in groups
C.they are alone
D.they are with their friends
34.The main reason why people fail to act when they stay together is thatD.
A.they are afraid of emergencies
B.they are unwilling to get themselves involved
C.others will act if they themselves hesitate
D.they do not have any direct responsibility for those who need help
35.The author suggests thatA.
A.we shouldn't blame a person if he fails to act in emergencies
B.a person must feel guilty if he fails to help
C.people should be responsible for themselves in emergencies
D.when you are in trouble,people will help you anyway.
分析 本文主要讲了事故现场目击者的反应.科学家认为,目击者基于两个条件才会作出反应;紧急情况和责任意识.通过实验证明,在场人数的多与少跟是否作出反应也有关.
解答 32-35 ACDA
32 A 主旨题:从文章的第二段的句子:They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help.First he has to notice that is an emergency(紧急情况).可知文章是说人们在紧急情况下怎么反映. 故选A.
33 C 细节题:从文章倒数第三段的句子Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help.看出单独一人时,人们可能会帮忙.选C.
34 D 细节题:从文章倒数第二段的句子They,themselves,needn't.They do not feel any direct responsibility.可知人多的时候,人们会认为自己没必要负责.故选D.
35 A 细节题:从文章倒数最后一段的句子 Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with.可知紧急情况下人们没有行动的原因是:他们的行为是由和他们在一起的人的行为所塑造的.因此不应指责他们,故选A.
点评 学生需要认真阅读原文,把握文章大意,对文章脉络有整体的了解,能仔细查找文中细节,并能根据文章内容进行合理的推测判断.