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    TOEFL stands for Test of English as a Foreign Language, which assesses the proficiency (熟练) of English language of a person in an academic setting. Various institutions, scholarship programs require this test as a trusted and effective indicator of a person’s ability to communicate in English.

    TOEFL is available in CBT----Computer-based Technology, PBT----Paper-based Technology and IBT----Internet-based Test formats（形式）to assess the proficiency of English Language. IBT TOEFL is a four-hour test comprising sections: Reading, Listening, Speaking and Writing. In areas where internet-based test is not available, a paper-based test (PBT) is given. PBT is a three-hour test comprising four sections: Listening, Structure and Written Expression, Reading Comprehension and Writing.
    Taking TOEFL test opens many doors to get admission in foreign universities. More than 7500 colleges, universities and agencies in more than 130 countries rely on TOEFL test scores to check proficiency for English Language. It is very convenient to take this test and it is available in 165 countries world wide.
    It measures your academic skills that whether you are ready to study or train at under graduate or post graduate level in foreign universities or not. In the test candidates are provided with a passage from text books and questions based on lectures, and you can be asked to speak or write in response related to that passage.
    As the test is made up of 100 % academic questions, so many universities consider it the most effective test, while taking any admission. To take TOEFL test you should:
    -----Improve your writing skills;
    -----Improve your vocabulary;
    -----Practice other reading passages on the TOEFL Test;
    -----Be familiar with the format of the test;
    -----Practice for listening test on the TOEFL test.
    To take admission in World’s famous Harvard University, the minimum TOEFL score required is 587 on the paper-based test, 240 on the computer-based test, or 94-95 on the internet-based TOEFL.
    小题1:The underlined word “comprising” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.
    A．includingB．formingC．combiningD．explaining
    小题2:Which section is Not included in IBT TOEFL?
    A．Reading.B．Writing.
    C．Speaking.D．Structure and Written Expression.
    小题3: According to the passage, many students are required to take TOEFL test probably because the test can________.
    A．improve their academic skills
    B．indicate their proficiency of English language
    C．provide scholarship programs in many countries
    D．decide your graduation from foreign universities
    小题4:What would be the best title for the passage?
    A．Advantages of TOEFL testB．Introduction to TOEFL test
    C．Preparations for TOEFL testD．Assessment of TOEFL test
    小题1:A 小题1: D 小题1:B 小题1:.B 
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    For many years Henry had been a journalist. He had worked on many international newspapers and magazines and traveled over the world.
    Henry had witnessed war and natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes and erupting volcanoes ( 火山爆发).
    He had reported on serious accidents such as major fires and airline crashes.
    He had seen every kind of terrible crime and strange event there was.
    He had met and written about some of the most unusual people in the world.
    In fact, there wasn’t much that Henry had not seen or done.
    Now he was retired from journalism(新闻业). He owned a very expensive restaurant and spent his days talking to his wealthy and important customers. He liked to say that nothing surprised him.
    One day he was sitting at the bar in his restaurant when a big gorilla(大猩猩) walked in and asked for a table.
    Henry showed no surprise. He took the gorilla to a table and handed him a menu. He treated him politely and pretended there was nothing at all strange about having a gorilla in his restaurant.
    The gorilla looked through the menu and ordered a salad.
    Henry served the gorilla his salad personally, knowing that his waiters and waitresses would be too frightened.
    At last the gorilla finished his salad and asked for the bill.
    Henry wrote out the bill and handed it to the big animal.
    The gorilla studied it, shook his head sadly then gave Henry fifty dollars.
    “Thank you,” Henry said, and then to make conversation, he added, “we don’t get many gorillas in this restaurant.”
    “At fifty dollars for a salad,” the gorilla said, “I’m not surprised.”
    小题1:According to the story, Henry had________.
    A．had the most exciting experiencesB．told the longest stories
    C．made historyD．caused accidents
    小题2:One day when a gorilla came into the restaurant, Henry was_____.
    A．very surprised by the gorillaB．not disturbed(烦忧) by the gorilla
    C．very interested in the gorillaD．scared of the gorilla
    小题3: From the sentences “Henry served the gorilla his salad personally, knowing that his waiters and waitresses would be too frightened” you can learn that______.
    A．his staff were not brave peopleB．Henry didn’t normally serve customers
    C．the gorilla had eaten there beforeD．the gorilla was careful with his money

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archeologists (考古学家) says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.
    “Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or a further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write.
    The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventuallly the bones will have to be returned to the ground.
    The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.
    Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it.
    Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: “Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.”
    The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.
    小题1:According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because ______.
    A．it is only a temporary measure on the human remains
    B．it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific research
    C．it was introduced by the government without their knowledge
    D．it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains
    小题2:Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
    A．Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time.
    B．Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh.
    C．Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time.
    D．Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.
    小题3:What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains?
    A．The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains.
    B．The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.
    C．The law on human remains hasn’t changed in recent decades.
    D．The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.
    小题4:Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
    A．New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands.
    B．Research time should be extended, scientists require.
    C．Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say.
    D．Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archeologists warn.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Research shows that humans switch from selfish to unselfish behavior when they are watched. Do you?
    A picture of a set of eyes on a computer screen can cause a change in the way people act. Even images of eyes on a charity donation, collection box encourage people to be unselfish, because people put more money in a
    collection box that has a picture of eyes on it than they do when a flower symbol is on the box.
    Manfred Milinski from the Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Germany and Bettina Rockenbach of the University of Berlin, the authors of a new study, found that people act better when they are being watched because they feel they will be rewarded for good behavior. Their report also referred to other research showing that this response of behaving well when watched is somehow coded into humans and people respond this way unconsciously, or without realizing it.
    It is not just humans that act unselfishly when they are being watched. A fish called the grooming fish cleans other fish. When other fish are around, it is gentler. When no other fish are around, however, the grooming fish bites chunks from the fish it is supposed to be cleaning.
    The researchers suggest that the best way to get people to behave in the correct way is to make them feel watched. This could be the reason for the success of a famous American army poster. On it was a picture of an elderly man staring fiercely and pointing, it appeared, to the person who was looking at the poster. Under the picture was the caption 'I Want You' It encouraged hundreds of thousands of young American men to join the army during the Second World War to fight the Germans and Japanese.
    小题1:.
    According to the report, why does a person behave better when he feels he is being watched?
       
    A．He does not want to be shamed by others.
    B．He needs to show he is a good person.
    C．He desires others to like him more.
    D．He feels he will receive some social reward.
    小题2:.
    ．What is the text mainly about?
    A．It describes changed behavior when observed.
    B．It details ways to control people's behavior.
    C．It tells how to make people work harder.
    D．It discusses different advertising methods.
    小题3:.
    According to the text, which of the following statements is true?
    A．People pretend to behave better when they are watched.
    B．Fish bite other fish in a fish tank when they are alone.C．People donate more money when they feel they are watched.
    D．Soldiers fought better during World War II because of a poster.
    小题4:.
    ．Where would the study described in the text most likely be found?
    A．In a newspaper.B．In a scientific journal.
    C．In an advertising magazine.D．In a science textbook.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means （通讯设备）.Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.
    Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, Man moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.
    Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.
    Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air.
    Pollution by carbon dioxide is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic. It is true that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.
    The earth is our home. We must take care of it. That means keeping the land, water and air clean. And we must take care of the rise in population at the same time.
    小题1:.
    . Hundreds of years ago, the pollution was _________it is today.
    A．much easier thanB．as easy asC．as hard asD．much less than
    小题2:.
    Our world is becoming much smaller_________.
    A．because the earth is being polluted day and night
    B．because science is developing
    C．because of the rise in population
    D．because the earth is blown away by the wind every year
    小题3:.
    Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because_________.
    A．it does harm to all living things in the worldB．it makes much noise
    C．it makes our rivers and lakes dirtyD．it makes us angry more easily
    小题4:.
    Which of the following is NOT the possible way to reduce air pollution?
    A．Stop people from burning coal in the houses and factories in the city
    B．Stop putting dirty smoke into the air
    C．Encourage people to go to work by bike or on foot instead of driving a car
    D．Don’t throw rubbish into the river.
    小题5:.
    Which of the following is NOT true?
    A．The problem of pollution is not so serious because there are not so many people living on the earth.
    B．The pollution of the earth grows as fast as the world’s population does.
    C．If people could go to work by bike ,it would be helpful against the problem of carbon dioxide.
    D．Many countries are making rules to fight against pollution.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    There is a definite possibility that the climate of the world may be changing. Some scientists imagine that this could even mean the beginning of another ice age. The effects of such a change in climate on the human population of the world would be startling（惊人的）.
    Recent research suggests that the general warming trend of the past hundred years or so may be coming to an end. During the past ten years, meteorologists tell us the average temperature of the Earth has dropped about one degree Fahrenheit. This does not seem like much, but it could have effects on wind and rain patterns which influence the overall weather picture. If these patterns change a lot, it could mean that certain regions of the world may continue to have long droughts while others will possibly suffer from widespread flooding.
    What regulates（调节）the climate is not exactly known. Meteorologists believe that clouds may be an important factor in regulating the amount of solar heat held by the Earth, which in turn determines the temperature of the planet. Another possibility is that man’s industrial and agricultural methods may be affecting the natural weather patterns. However, the weather is not understood well enough for scientists to say for certain what is happening to the climate and what side effects this will actually have on the world’s population.
    小题1:According to the passage, the climate of the world seems to    .
    A．be getting colderB．be getting warmer
    C．remain the same in the past ten yearsD．have good effects on the world’s population
    小题2:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
    A．Man’s activities have no effect on the climate.
    B．Another ice age will come soon.
    C．People don’t care about the changing climate.
    D．Scientists are not yet sure about the reason for the changing climate.
    小题3:A meteorologist is a person who        .
    reads weather forecasts on radio or television 
    B. thinks there will be another ice age
    C. studies and knows about the weather       
    D. believes there will be widespread flooding
    小题4: Which of the following may be the factor(s) that affect(s) the natural weather patterns?
    A．Clouds.B．The amount of heat the Earth receives.
    C．Man’s industrial and agricultural methods.D．All of the above.
    小题5:The best title for the passage would be         .
    A．Droughts and Floods.B．Meteorologists
    C．The Changing ClimateD．Solar Heat

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    The 9．2一magnitude(震级)earthquake which caused the tsunami in
    the Indian Ocean on Boxing Day last year occurred at 7:58 a.m.，95 miles off the west coast of Aceh, Indonesia．
    Eighteen minutes later．10-metre high waves crashed the ashore along a 500——mile-long stretch of Aceh．
    Two hours later the tsunami hit Thailand and Malaysia and then Burma, Bangladesh, India，the Maldives，Sri Lanka，Kenya and Somalia．The final death toll is thought to be about 280，000，with tens of thousands more listed as missing．More than l.8 million people lost their homes．
    ●What Is Tsunami?
    A tsunami is a chain of fast moving waves caused by a sudden strong quake in the ocean．They can be caused by earthquakes，volcanic eruptions(爆发)，or even the collision of meteorites(陨星)．Tsunamis are also incorrectly known as tidal waves，but unlike tidal waves they are not caused by changes in the tides．
    They are also most common around the edge of the Pacific，where more than half of the world’s volcanoes are found．These fast moving waves can attack coastlines，often with little or no warning．Rocks weighing as much as 20 metric tonnes have been pulled from sea walls and carried l 80m inland．
    ●Wave Power
    Atsunami can have a wavelength in excess of(超过)1 00km and there may be an hour between them．They travel at great speeds across an ocean with hardly any energy losses and are barely noticeable out at sea．
    Over the deep Pacific Ocean，a tsunami travels at about 800kph．If an earthquake happened in Los Angeles．a tsunami could hit Tokyo quicker than you could fly between the cities by jet．
    ●Strange Animal Behaviors
    Ten days before giant waves slammed into Sri Lanka and India coastlines，wild and domestic(家养的) animals seemed to know what was about to happen and fled(逃跑)to safety．
    Elephants screamed and ran for higher ground．
    Dogs refused to go outdoors．
    Zoo animals rushed into their shelters and could not be enticed(引诱)to come back out．
    小题1:.．What does the first part of the passage mainly tell us?
    A．The great speed of a tsunami．
    B．The number of deaths caused by a tsunami．
    C．The countries which were struck by a tsunami．
    D．The serious destruction caused by the great power of a tsunaml．
    小题2:.．All the following can cause a tsunami except
    A．changes of the tidesB．volcanic eruptions
    C．collision of meteoritesD．earthquakes
    小题3:.．Which of the following is a characteristic of a tsunami?
    A．Having a lot of small waves linked together．
    B．The waves of a tsunami travel extremely fast．
    C．The waves of a tsunami can be found in the distance．
    D．The power of the waves becomes stronger and stronger as a tsunami travels．

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Finding the right school for your child is a process. You will want to read about the school, talk to any friends who are involved in the school and, most important of all, visit the school.
    The first step in finding out about Indian Creek is to request an information packet. We will be happy to send you a packet containing a brochure(小册子), the fee structure and an application. The packet should answer most of your general questions about the school.
    In order to get a true sense of Indian Creek School, you should come for an Admission Tour, which includes a personal meeting focusing on your child, a tour of the building and the classrooms, and a discussion of the curriculum(课程).
    This visit is no less important if the child for whom you are seeking admission is a teenager than if he or she is a three-year-old one. Every school has a different “school climate.” If you visit two or three schools, you will notice that each “feels” different. You know your child best and you will quickly develop a sense of whether a school is the right match or not.
    ●The initial point of entry for Indian Creek Students is at the pre-kindergarten level for three year olds.
    ●Children must be three years old by August 31st.
    ●We also have major points of entry from grade six to grade nine. At each of these levels, we open new sections and accept students in addition to those moving up from our own lower grades.
    ●There are scattered(零散的) openings available throughout the program due to attrition(学生流失). Once an opening occurs, students spend a day at ICS, part of which includes admission testing.
    小题1: You can NOT get to know about ICS by ________.
    A．getting an information packet
    B．taking an admission tour
    C．asking friends involved in ICS
    D．taking an admission test
    小题2: During the Admission Tour, you can ________.
    A．having a meeting with the children
    B．decide on the design of the classrooms
    C．talk with the school about the courses
    D．choose the weather suitable for study
    小题3: Which of the following is NOT accepted for ICS when there is no attrition?
    A．A boy who will be 3 years old by July.
    B．A fifth grader originally studying in ICS.
    C．An eighth grader from another school.
    D．A fourth grader from another school.
    小题4: The text is intended for ________.
    A．teachers
    B．parents
    C．kindergarteners
    D．school kids

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Topping the class academically was certainly an advantage. For Nigel, studying was a piece of cake. The reward was certainly much bigger compared to the little effort Nigel had made. It all began when he was selected to help the teachers in the computer laboratories. And the peak of his school career came not when he topped the class but when he was selected for the nationwide competition.
    Unlike everyone else, Nigel wanted to join in the contest because he liked playing with the Lego sets(乐高积木) and making something out of them. Nigel spent two months building his robot. It was during the time that Nigel found out about the big prize for the competition as well as a competitive rival(对手), Alicia, from a neighboring school. His early intentions were forgotten. Getting the thousand-dollar prize was more important than anything else. Nigel decided to make friends with Alicia. Unaware of his intentions, she told him all about the robot that she had been building for the competition. He even helped her to put the finishing touches(收尾工作) to her robot. He was glad with the way things had progressed. His robot looked even better than Alicia's and it was able to play a ball with its arm, something Alicia had failed to do.
    On the day of the competition, he saw Alicia. Everything became clear the minute she saw him among the competitors. She stared at him, puzzled at first, then angry and finally a look of helplessness came over her.
    The flashbulbs (闪光灯) of the camera exploded in Nigel's face. The robot had performed actions so unique and different that the specialists' judgments were the same. Nigel was so pleased with himself that he did not even notice the girl standing a few feet away from him. Without her, he would never have won the competition.
    小题1:What reward did Nigel receive for doing well in his school work?
    A．He was offered a part-time job.B．He was honored with a scholarship.
    C．He helped his teachers build a robot.D．He helped in the computer laboratories.
    小题2:Nigel's original intention of joining the contest was to ___     .
    A．win honor for his schoolB．be the top student of the school
    C．build a robot with the Lego setsD．win the thousand-dollar prize
    小题3:Why did Nigel help Alicia finish her robot?
    A．He intended to help her.B．He was fond of building robots.
    C．He wanted to be her real friend. D．He didn't want her to suspect (怀疑) him.
    小题4:What is the author's attitude towards Nigel's actions?
    A．Favorable B．Critical (批评的)C．Doubtful D．Sympathetic

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