1．It is pretty much a one-way street．While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial （商业的） world，there is very little traffic in the opposite direction．Pay has always been the biggest deterrent，as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job．For some industrial scientists，however，the attractions of academia （学术界） outweigh any financial （金钱的） considerations．
Helen Lee took a 70%cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge．Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions．Some areas of inquiry have few prospects （前景） of a commercial return，and Lee's is one of them．
The influence of a salary cut is probably less serious for a scientist in the early stages of a career．Guy Grant，now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge，spent two years working for a medicine company before returning to university as a post doctoral researcher．He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual chances．
Higher up the ladder，where a pay cut is usually more important，the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the change to academia more attractive，according to Lee．Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not，such as how to build a multidisciplinary team，manage budgets and negotiate contracts．They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate，says Lee，perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development．"Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career．So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential （潜力） in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project．"
57．By"a one-way street"in Paragraph 1，the author meansC．
A．university researchers know little about the commercial world
B．few university professors are willing to do industrial research
C．few industrial scientists would leave to work in a university
D．there is little exchange between industry and academia
58．The underlined word"deterrent"most probably refers to"something thatD"．
A．helps to move the traffic B．attracts people's attention
C．brings someone a financial burden D．keeps someone from taking action
59．What was Helen Lee's major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career？B
A．Less work hours．
B．More freedom to choose research fields．
C．Better prospects of a commercial return．
D．Her preference for the lifestyle on campus．
60．What can industrial scientists do when they come to teach in a university？D
A．Make its research more practical．
B．Develop its students'potential in research．
C．Help it to obtain financial support from industry．
D．Increase its graduates'competitiveness in the job market．
分析 本文叙述了对很多研究人员来说，虽然放弃大学的工作到商界很有吸引力，但是很少有人这样做．说明很多人不愿意放弃大学里的研究．
解答 57．C 推理判断题．从文章第一段的"While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial （商业的） world，there is very little traffic in the opposite direction．"可知：虽然大学研究人员到商业领域碰运气很普遍，但相反的工业科学家很少到大学工作的．选C．
58．D 词义猜测题．根据该词后面的原因状语从句"as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job．因为携家带口的人们经常会觉得无法承受回大学工作所带来的薪酬上的减少．"可知"Pay has always been the biggest deterrent"这句话说明了"薪酬总是最大的制约因素"，故D项正确．
59．B 细节理解题．根据第二段的"Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions．"可知B项正确，她想要更多的自由选择研究领域．
60．D 推理题．根据文章最后一段"Higher up the ladder，where a pay cut is usually more significant，the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition （转换） to academia more attractive，according to Lee．They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate"说明他们回大学教书可以让学生学到很多实际的经验，在求职的路上有更多的优势，故D正确．
点评 政治类文章多采用记叙文形式，我们可采取"顺读法"，以便抓关键语句，领会文章主旨；而经济类文章则多采用说明文形式，我们则可以采取"逆读法"，先读试题，再从文章中查找有用信息．
