In the West, advertisements are the fuel that makes mass media work. Many TV stations, newspapers, magazines, radio stations are privately owned. The government does not give them money. So where does the money come from? From advertisements. Without advertisements, there would not be these private businesses.
Have you ever asked yourself what advertising is? Through the years, people have given different answers to the question. For some time it was felt that advertising was a means of “Keeping your name before the public”. And some people thought that advertising was “truth well told”. Now more and more people consider it in this way: Advertising is the paid, non-personal, and usually persuasive presentation of goods, services and ideas by some certain sponsors (发起人) through various media.
First, advertising is usually paid for. Various sponsors pay for the advertisements we see, read, and hear over the various media. Second, advertising is non-personal. It is not face-to-face communication. Although you may feel that a message in a certain advertisement is aimed directly at you, in reality, it is directed at large groups of people. Third, advertising is usually persuasive. Directly or indirectly it asks people to do something. All advertisements try to make people believe that the product, idea, or service advertised can benefit them. Fourth, the sponsors of the advertisement must show their names. From the advertisement, we can see if the sponsor is a company, or a single person. Fifth, advertising reaches us through old and modern mass media. Included in the old media are newspapers. magazines, radio, television, and films. Modern media include emails, matchbox covers, and boards on top of buildings.
1.The existence of the privately owned mass media depends on the support of_________.
A. the government B. advertisements
C. their owners’ families D. the TV stations
2.The passage seems to say that different ideas of advertising are given due to __________.
A. the subject of the advertisements B. the change of time
C. people's age difference D. peoples’ different opinions
3.Which of the following is considered modern mass media?
A. Emails. B. Newspapers C. Magazines. D. Films.
4. According to the passage, which of the following statements about advertisements is NOT true?
A. The sponsors are always mentioned.
B. Advertising is meant for large groups of people.
C. There is the description of things advertised
D. Advertising must be honest and humorous
科目：高中英语 来源：浙江省东阳中学2011-2012学年高二上学期12月阶段性检测英语试题 题型：050
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Dear Editor,
Brockingham is run by people who are more interested in tourists than its residents. The problem is that the people running the government refuse to accept new ideas. By banning(禁止) all fast-food restaurants and discount stores, they take away all the places kids can afford to shop.
These people forget that when they were young, they could go to the South Street Soda Fountain and get an ice-cream soda for 25 cents. Today you can’t find an ice-cream soda anywhere in Brockingham for less than $2! Where can kids go for a snack?
There is not a single restaurant in Brockingham where a family of four can eat dinner for less than $100. Add a 15% tip and sales tax and you have spent nearly $125 to eat a meal you could prepare at home for about $12. Have you noticed that Brockingham families never dine in Brockingham?
Fast-food restaurants are also a good place for school kids to get an after-school job. Fast-food restaurants are busiest during the early supper hours when students are able to work, whereas the fancy food restaurants cater to late-night diners. Working in one of these establishments requires working shifts that are too late for most students.
The City Council claims that local merchants, rather than national chains, should benefit from the tourist business. I agree that it is important to support local businesses, but I think the fast-food restaurants would encourage more people to shop in Brockingham.
Another thing that disturbs me is that we must travel 25 miles to the nearest discount store. If I need a tire for my bike, I have a choice of buying one at Surf and Peddle Sport Shop for $15 or driving to Parkersburg Discount Center where I can buy the same kind of tire for $9. Again, I think the ban on all food chains and discount houses is counterproductive for our city.
Wes Woodrow
9th-Grade Student at Brockingham High School
Why does Wes Woodrow write this letter to the editor?
Because the government bans all fast-food restaurants and discount stores in Brockingham.
Because the writer can’t find an ice-cream soda anywhere in Brockingham for less than $2.
Because a family of four can’t find a restaurant in Brockingham to eat dinner for less than $100.
Because the writer has to travel 25 miles to the nearest discount store.
From the letter we can infer that _____.
the writer used to buy a lot of ice-cream soda
the students refuse to work in fancy food restaurants
the government’s ban benefits local merchants much
discount stores usually offer a discount of 40%
The underlined word “counterproductive” in paragraph 6 of the letter probably means _____.
A. cheap, not expensive B. surprising, not expected
C. harmful, not helpful D. doubtful, not sure
One way the writer of this letter tries to convince the reader is by _____.
complaining that someone has to drive him to Parkersburg
getting an after-school job in fast-food restaurant himself
suggesting that many businessmen have the same opinion
giving specific examples of the high costs in Brockingham
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
If a new idea in America becomes a law, people who suffer from obesity (肥胖症）could suffer financially too. The proposal (建议) aims to encourage people to be healthy.
The US state of Arizona wants to charge overweight citizens $ 50 (325 yuan) annually if they fail to follow their doctor’s advice. People with children or who are overweight because they suffer from a medical condition would be exempt(被豁免的). If the idea is approved by Congress, smokers and diabetics who fail to stick to a healthy lifestyle will also have to pay.
Medicaid, the organization which provides healthcare to the poor in the USA, costs the government $ 339 bn (2.2 trillion yuan) a year. Monica Coury, assistant director at Arizona’s Medicaid program, said that this proposal would ask people to give something back.
She said that Arizona would take a carrot and stick approach to the problem. As well as penalizing(惩罚) people who go against their doctor’s wishes, incentives (奖励) would be offered for following advice, possibly a keep-fit video. Arizona’s senator Kyrsten Sinema has not backed the plans, saying that there isn’t a system to decide whether someone is or isn’t following medical advice. Other critics claim that people don’t need the government to look after them; if they want to be fat and smoke, the “nanny state” shouldn’t try to stop them. Wes Benedict of the Libertarian Party said: “If you want to save the state money, cut Medicaid across the board, but don’t single out overweight people and smokers.”
51. The state of Arizona wants to charge people who ____.
A. are fat parents
B. are fat and obedient
C. are fat due to a medical condition.
D. are fat and don’t follow their doctor’s advice.
52. People who are ___ and don’t adopt a healthy life will NOT be charged if the proposal becomes law?
A. overweight B. HIV carriers
C. diabetes D. smokers
53. What does “a carrot and stick approach” mean?
A. A kind of healthy diet
B. A kind of unhealthy diet.
C. A policy of offering a combination or rewards and punishment.
D. A policy of offering a combination of rewards and prizes.
54. What did Wes Benedict think of the proposal?
A. Biased. B. Just and fair.
C. Influential. D. Not practical.
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
If a new idea in America becomes a law, people who suffer from obesity could suffer financially too.
The US state of Arizona wants to charge overweight citizens $50 (325 Yuan) annually if they fail to follow their doctors' advice. People with children or who are overweight because they suffer from a medical condition would be exempt(豁免的).
If the idea is approved by Congress, smokers and diabetics who fail to stick to a healthy lifestyle will also have to pay.
Medicaid, the organization which provides healthcare to the poor in the USA, costs the government $339bn (2.2 trillion Yuan) a year. Monica Coury, assistant director at Arizona's Medicaid programme, said that this proposal would ask people to give something back.
She said that Arizona would take a carrot and stick approach to the problem. As well as penalizing(惩罚) people who go against their doctor's wishes, incentives（奖励）would be offered for following advice, possibly a keep-fit video.
Arizona's senator Kyrsten Sinema has not backed the plans, saying that there isn't a system to decide whether someone is or isn't following medical advice. Other critics claim that people don't need the government to look after them; if they want to be fat and smoke, the 'nanny state'(保姆国家) shouldn't try to stop them. Wes Benedict of the Libertarian Party said:"If you want to save the state money... cut Medicaid across the board, but don't single out overweight people and smokers."
68. The state of Arizona want to charge people who are ______.
A. fat parents B. fat and don’t follow their doctors’ advice
C. fat due to a medical condition D. fat and obedient
69. Which statement of the following is true?
A. Everyone in Arizona approves of the new idea.
B. All overweight citizens in Arizona will be charged.
C. The state wants to save money.
D. Charging overweight people is just put forward and hasn’t become a law.
70. What does “a carrot and stick approach” mean?
A. A kind of healthy diet.
B. A kind of unhealthy diet.
C. A policy of offering a combination of rewards and punishment.
D. A policy of offering a combination of rewards and prizes.
71. The passage mainly tells about ______.
A. Many people are beginning to realize the importance of keeping fit
B. People who are overweight will be charged by the state
C. Smokers and diabetics will be charged by the state
D. Being overweight costs the state a lot of money every year
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Dear Editor,
Brockingham is run by people who are more interested in tourists than its residents. The problem is that the people running the government refuse to accept new ideas. By banning (禁止) all fast-food restaurants and discount stores, they take away all the places kids can afford to shop.
These people forget that when they were young, they could go to the South Street Soda Fountain and get an ice-cream soda for 25 cents. Today you can’t find an ice-cream soda anywhere in Brockingham for less than $2! Where can kids go for a snack?
There is not a single restaurant in Brockingham where a family of four can eat dinner for less than $100. Add a 15% tip and sales tax and you have spent nearly $125 to eat a meal you could prepare at home for about $12. Have you noticed that Brockingham families never dine in Brockingham?
Fast-food restaurants are also a good place for school kids to get an after-school job. Fast-food restaurants are busiest during the early supper hours when students are able to work, whereas the fancy food restaurants cater to late-night diners. Working in one of these establishments requires working shifts that are too late for most students.
The City Council claims that local businessmen, rather than national chains, should benefit from the tourist business. I agree that it is important to support local businesses, but I think the fast-food restaurants would encourage more people to shop in Brockingham.
Another thing that disturbs me is that we must travel 25 miles to the nearest discount store. If I need a tire for my bike, I have a choice of buying one at Surf and Peddle Sport Shop for $15 or driving to Parkersburg Discount Center where I can buy the same kind of tire for $9. Again, I think the ban on all food chains and discount houses is counterproductive for our city.
Wes Woodrow 9th-Grade Student at Brockingham High School
69. Why does Wes Woodrow write this letter to the editor?
A. Because the government bans all fast-food restaurants and discount stores in Brockingham.
B. Because the writer can’t find an ice-cream soda anywhere in Brockingham for less than $2.
C. Because a family of four can’t find a restaurant in Brockingham to eat dinner for less than $100.
D. Because the writer has to travel 25 miles to the nearest discount store.
70. From the letter we can infer that _________.
A. the writer used to buy a lot of ice-cream soda
B. the students refuse to work in fancy food restaurants
C. the government’s ban benefits local businessmen much
D. discount stores usually offer a discount of 40%
71. The underlined word “counterproductive” in paragraph 6 of the letter probably means ______________.
A. cheap, not expensive B. surprising, not expected
C. harmful, not helpful D. doubtful, not sure
72. One way the writer of this letter tries to convince the reader is by _________.
A. complaining that someone has to drive him to Parkersburg
B. getting an after-school job in fast-food restaurant himself
C. suggesting that many businessmen have the same opinion
D. giving specific examples of the high costs in Brockingham
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